On January 18, 2026, members of the Israeli government’s far-right wing publicly rejected a United States-backed plan to establish a multi-national “Gaza executive board” intended to help...
Israeli and Jewish aid groups support migrant and refugee assistance in Europe On September 5, 2015, IsraAID, an Israeli non-governmental organization founded in 2001 to provide disaster...
Pontic Greek Genocide On May 19, 1919, military operations intensified against Greek communities in the Pontus region along the Black Sea coast of the Ottoman Empire. The campaign formed...
Greek Genocide On May 19, 1919, Greek communities in the Pontus region of the Ottoman Empire faced intensified military operations during the final phase of systematic persecution that b...
The Dönmeh were a religious community that emerged in the late 17th century within the Ottoman Empire, originating from followers of Sabbatai Zevi, a Jewish rabbi who declared himself the...
Untitled1990s–present — The collapse of communist controls produces large migration flows toward Italy, Greece, Germany, the United States and elsewhere. Emigration becomes one of the def...
1881 — Most of Thessaly and part of Epirus are transferred from Ottoman rule to Greece.
1204 — Constantinople is captured and Latin states are established across parts of Greece.
2 September 31 BCE — The fleet of Octavian defeats the forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra near Actium in western Greece. Antony and Cleopatra retreat to Egypt. Their final defeat destroy...
146 BCE — Corinth is destroyed and Roman domination of Greece becomes decisive.
1941–1944 — Germany, Italy and Bulgaria occupy Greece after the Axis invasion.
1912–1913 — Greece expands dramatically, gaining Thessaloniki, much of Macedonia, Epirus and several Aegean islands.
Farming villages existed in the Aegean world thousands of years before Greek-speaking states emerged.
395 CE — Greece remains within the eastern Roman Empire, later called Byzantine.
Crusader and Venetian powers control important Greek territories, islands and ports.
1 January 2001 — Greece joins the euro area.
18 February 1952 — Greece enters NATO alongside Turkey.
1 January 1981 — Greece becomes a member of the European Communities, predecessor of today's EU.
Greek cities become part of the Roman world while Greek culture deeply influences Roman education, philosophy and art.
2009–2018 — Sovereign debt, recession, austerity and bailout programs produce one of modern Greece's deepest economic crises.
3 February 1830 — The London Protocol recognizes Greece as an independent state.
Trace independence, the Balkan Wars, World War I, the Asia Minor catastrophe and later territorial settlements.
28 October 1940 — Greece rejects an Italian ultimatum, commemorated today as Ohi Day.
Bavarian prince chosen by the Great Powers to become the first king of modern Greece.
Today Greece is a parliamentary republic, EU and NATO member linking southeastern Europe with the eastern Mediterranean.
8 December 1974 — A referendum confirms Greece as a republic.
By the 15th century, most of mainland Greece comes under Ottoman control, though some Venetian territories remain.
Greek-speaking palace kingdoms rise on the mainland, centered on sites such as Mycenae, Pylos and Tiryns.
Population, settlement and long-distance trade decline in many regions after the palace collapse.
17 June 2018 — Greece and its northern neighbor agree to resolve the long-running name dispute through the name North Macedonia.
1924 — The monarchy is abolished and Greece becomes a republic.
6th–7th centuries — Slavic groups settle in parts of the Greek peninsula during major demographic upheaval.
World War I divides supporters of King Constantine I and Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos over Greece's alignment.
Independent city-states become the defining political structure of Archaic and Classical Greece.
26 October 1912 — Greek forces take Thessaloniki during the First Balkan War.
Mycenaean kingdoms, poleis, Macedon, Rome, Byzantium, Ottoman rule and the modern state belong to one landscape but very different political worlds.