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In early 20th century Germany, Berlin was a center for sexual reform and research. Dr. Magnus Hirschfeld (1868–1935), physician and sexologist, a German Jewish doctor, founded the Institu...
Pontic Greek Genocide On May 19, 1919, military operations intensified against Greek communities in the Pontus region along the Black Sea coast of the Ottoman Empire. The campaign formed...
Greek Genocide On May 19, 1919, Greek communities in the Pontus region of the Ottoman Empire faced intensified military operations during the final phase of systematic persecution that b...
Charlie Chaplin married actress Mildred Harris on October 23, 1918, in Los Angeles. Chaplin was 29 years old and Harris was 16. Harris was already working as a film actress when the relat...
Charlie Chaplin was an English actor, filmmaker, composer, and producer who became one of the most prominent figures of twentieth-century cinema. His career included silent films, sound f...
March–April 1919 — Mass demonstrations, strikes and civil unrest erupt after British authorities exile nationalist leader Saad Zaghloul and other members of the Wafd movement. Students, w...
January–June 1919 — France prioritizes security and compensation for destruction. Britain wants Germany constrained without permanently destroying European economic stability. Wilson prom...
January–June 1919 — Allied leaders negotiate borders, reparations, military restrictions, mandates and a new international organization. Wilson's language of self-determination raises eno...
1914–1919 — The Royal Navy progressively restricts German access to food, fertilizer, metals, chemicals and overseas trade. Neutral shipping is increasingly subjected to Allied controls. ...
1914–1919 — Room 40 is the British Admiralty's cryptanalytic organization responsible for intercepting and decoding important German communications. Its intelligence contributes to Britis...
1914–1919 wartime role — Britain's navy protects imperial shipping routes, contains the German High Seas Fleet and implements the maritime blockade of the Central Powers. Its strategic va...
28 June 1919 — Versailles created genuine political grievances and became a powerful symbol in German nationalist politics. Yet there were many possible paths after 1919, including the re...
28 June 1919 onward — The Treaty of Versailles becomes one of the most controversial diplomatic settlements in modern history. Reparations, territorial changes, military restrictions and ...
1919–1922 — Greek forces campaign in western Anatolia before suffering a catastrophic defeat.
18 January 1919 — The victorious Allied and Associated Powers gather in Paris to determine the postwar settlement. Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau, David Lloyd George and Vittorio Orla...
28 June 1919 — Germany and the Allied powers sign the Treaty of Versailles. Germany loses territory, accepts military restrictions and becomes liable for reparations under a settlement wh...
28 June 1919 — Germany and the Allied powers sign the Treaty of Versailles exactly five years after Franz Ferdinand's assassination. Germany accepts territorial losses, military restricti...
28 June 1919 — Many German political movements interpret Versailles as a dictated peace and focus particularly on territorial losses, reparations and the treaty's responsibility clause. M...
11 August 1919 — Germany adopts a democratic constitution establishing the Weimar Republic. The new political system combines parliamentary government with a powerful presidency and exten...