Lazar Kaganovich Dies at Age 97
Lazar Kaganovich (1893–1991), a Soviet politician and close associate of Joseph Stalin, died on July 25, 1991. Born to a Jewish family in Ukraine, Kaganovich held several high-ranking pos...
Lazar Kaganovich (1893–1991), a Soviet politician and close associate of Joseph Stalin, died on July 25, 1991. Born to a Jewish family in Ukraine, Kaganovich held several high-ranking pos...
The German–Soviet Non-Aggression Pact And Its Secret Protocols On August 23, 1939, the governments of Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression treaty in Moscow. The...
Soviet-Era Famines Under Bolshevik Rule Between 1930 and 1933, a series of mass famines occurred across the Soviet Union following Bolshevik policies of forced collectivization...
Alexander Orlov, born Lev Lazarevich Feldbin on 21 August 1895 in Bobruisk, was a Soviet NKVD officer from an Orthodox Jewish family. He later operated under several aliases, including Le...
1960–1961 — Hoxha rejects Nikita Khrushchev's de-Stalinization and growing Soviet pressure. Relations collapse and Albania turns toward Maoist China for economic and ideological support.
1948 — The Tito-Stalin split transforms Albania's foreign alignment. Hoxha uses the crisis to eliminate Yugoslav influence and bind Albania much more closely to Stalin's Soviet Union.
19 November 1942 — Vasilevsky plays a central role in Soviet strategic planning for Operation Uranus and later major offensives. His work illustrates the increasingly professional collabo...
23 August 1942 — German forces begin the major assault phase against Stalingrad after intensive Luftwaffe bombing. The city's industrial and symbolic importance combines with its strategi...
23 August 1942 — German forces begin the major assault phase against Stalingrad while the wider German campaign pushes toward oil resources in the Caucasus. Fighting inside the city becom...
8 January 1942 — Soviet offensives expand around the Rzhev-Vyazma salient west of Moscow. Fighting in the region becomes prolonged and extraordinarily costly. The salient ties down large ...
28 June 1942 — Germany launches its major summer offensive toward southern Russia and the Caucasus. Hitler seeks the oil resources of the Caucasus and control of the Volga region. German ...
24 November 1942 — Manstein receives command of Army Group Don during the Stalingrad crisis. He attempts to organize relief of the Sixth Army and later conducts the successful counteroffe...
23 August 1942 — Paulus commands the German Sixth Army during the Battle of Stalingrad. After encirclement he obeys Hitler's order to remain in place. Hitler promotes him to field marshal...
18 January 1943 — Zhukov is promoted to Marshal of the Soviet Union after playing central roles in the defense of Moscow and the planning environment around Stalingrad. He becomes one of ...
18 January 1943 — Zhukov is promoted to Marshal of the Soviet Union after playing central roles in the defense of Moscow and the planning environment around Stalingrad. He becomes one of ...
2 February 1943 — The last major German formations inside Stalingrad surrender. Approximately one of Germany's most powerful field armies has been destroyed or captured. The defeat has en...
23 July 1942 — Hitler issues Directive No. 45, dividing German strategic effort between Stalingrad and the Caucasus. Securing oil becomes a central objective because Germany remains chron...
18 February 1943 — Joseph Goebbels delivers his Sportpalast speech after Stalingrad, calling for even greater mobilization of German society. The speech reflects growing awareness that Ge...
24 November 1942 — Hitler orders the Sixth Army to remain inside the Stalingrad pocket rather than attempt an immediate breakout. He expects outside relief and air supply to sustain the f...
c. 1928–1953 — Stalin controls the Soviet political system during the entire war. His prewar purges severely damage parts of the officer corps, while his misjudgment of German intentions ...
c. 1928–1953 — Stalin controls the Soviet political system during the entire war. His prewar purges severely damage parts of the officer corps, while his misjudgment of German intentions ...
c. 1928–1953 — Stalin controls the Soviet political system during the entire war. His prewar purges severely damage parts of the officer corps, while his misjudgment of German intentions ...
5 July 1943 — Rokossovsky commands the Central Front during the Battle of Kursk and later becomes one of the principal commanders of Operation Bagration. A survivor of Stalin's purges, he...
24 November 1942 — Hitler commits to holding Stalingrad while the Luftwaffe attempts to supply the encircled Sixth Army. Required daily tonnage far exceeds what can reliably be delivered ...
23 August 1942 — German aircraft conduct devastating attacks on Stalingrad as ground forces approach. Large areas are destroyed and many civilians are killed. The bombing creates ruins th...
23 August 1939 — Germany and the Soviet Union sign a non-aggression agreement. Secret protocols divide parts of Eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence. For Hitler the ...
23 August 1939 — Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union sign a non-aggression pact. Secret protocols divide parts of Eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence. Hitler reduces ...
19 November 1942 — Soviet armies attack Romanian and other Axis forces protecting the German flanks at Stalingrad. The offensive rapidly breaks through and Soviet spearheads meet west of ...
19 November 1942 — Soviet forces attack Axis armies guarding the flanks of the German position at Stalingrad. The offensive breaks through Romanian sectors and rapidly converges west of t...
28 July 1942 — Stalin issues Order No. 227 during the German advance toward Stalingrad and the Caucasus. The order condemns unauthorized retreat and establishes blocking and penal formati...
17 July 1945 — Truman, Stalin and initially Churchill meet near Berlin after Germany's defeat. They discuss occupation policy, borders, reparations and the war against Japan. Churchill is...
3 July 1941 — Stalin addresses the Soviet population and invokes defense of the motherland as well as socialist ideology. Soviet propaganda increasingly draws upon Russian history, patrio...
30 June 1941 — The State Defense Committee is created as the highest wartime authority coordinating Soviet military, industrial and economic mobilization. Chaired by Stalin, it concentrat...
8 May 1945 — By the end of the war Soviet armies occupy large parts of Eastern and Central Europe. Stalin interprets political influence in this region as essential protection against fut...
3 July 1941 — Stalin publicly calls for denial of useful resources to the advancing enemy. Infrastructure, crops and industrial assets may be evacuated or destroyed where possible. Scorch...
21 June 1941 — Despite multiple intelligence warnings, Stalin remains reluctant to believe Hitler will immediately launch full-scale war. Soviet forces are not fully prepared for the atta...
28 November 1943 — Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin meet together for the first time. Stalin presses strongly for a second front in Western Europe, and the Western Allies confirm plans for...
28 November 1943 — Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill meet together for the first time. Stalin presses for a Western invasion of France while the Soviet Union continues carrying the main lan...
19 February 1943 — German forces under Erich von Manstein begin a counteroffensive that retakes Kharkov after Soviet armies overextend following Stalingrad. The operation demonstrates tha...
Untitled23 August 1939 — After unsuccessful and distrustful negotiations involving Britain, France and the Soviet Union, Stalin accepts a non-aggression agreement with Germany. The decisi...
Untitled25 April 1943 — The Soviet Union breaks diplomatic relations with the Polish government-in-exile after disputes over investigation of the Katyn massacre. The break has major conse...
1 August 1944 — The Warsaw Uprising is driven not only by resistance to German occupation but by fear that Soviet liberation will eliminate Polish political independence. Stalin regards t...
1 August 1944 — The Polish Home Army launches an uprising against German occupation as Soviet forces approach Warsaw. Polish leaders hope to liberate the capital before Soviet-backed auth...
4 February 1945 — At Yalta, the Western Allies and Soviet Union remain military partners but increasingly disagree about Poland and the political future of Eastern Europe. Stalin seeks st...
2 February 1943 — Investigate Hitler's refusal to withdraw, Paulus's obedience, overextended German logistics, the weakness of Axis flanks, Soviet planning, intelligence and the failed ai...
23 August 1939 — The German-Soviet pact is one of the most shocking diplomatic reversals of the twentieth century. Investigate failed Soviet-Western negotiations, Stalin's security calcul...
2 October 1944 — Investigate German military repression, the Home Army's political goals, Soviet operational limits, Stalin's attitude toward the Polish government-in-exile and Allied ina...
4 February 1945 — Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin meet in Crimea as Germany approaches defeat. They discuss occupation zones, Poland, postwar Germany, Soviet parti...
4 February 1945 — Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin debate Poland's borders and government at Yalta. The Soviet Union already occupies most Polish territory, giving Stalin overwhelming leve...