russia

September 2, 2026 Politics

02

Turkey considers SCO membership

Ankara · Turkey

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said on September 2, 2026, that Turkey could consider becoming a full member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, a regional political and secu...

alliance ankara asia beijing belarus china

September 1, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

03

Russia strikes Odesa infrastructure

Odesa · Oblast · Ukraine

Russian forces attacked port and export infrastructure in Ukraine's Odesa region during the night leading into September 1, 2026, according to Ukrainian authorities. Ukrainian Presiden...

agriculture blacksea border commodities conflict danube

August 21, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

04

Russia strikes Kryvyi Rih

Kryvyi Rih · Dnipropetrovsk Oblast · Ukraine

Russian drones struck a shopping center in Kryvyi Rih on August 21, 2026, killing at least 15 people and injuring more than 130, according to Ukrainian authorities. Children were among th...

artillery attack bombing casualties children civilians

August 10, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

05

Ukraine strikes Nizhnekamsk refinery

Nizhnekamsk · Tatarstan · Russia

Ukraine carried out a drone attack on Nizhnekamsk in Russia's Tatarstan region on August 10, 2026. Ukrainian military authorities said the operation targeted the TANECO oil refinery, whil...

attack casualties civilians conflict diesel drones

alliance baltic borders defense disinformation drones

06

August 10, 2026 Politics

Poland and Baltics fortify infrastructure

Poland

Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia increased security around critical infrastructure amid warnings on August 10, 2026, concerning possible sabotage or staged attacks connected to regi...

alliance baltic cabinet coalition defect democracy

07

August 10, 2026 Breaking

Estonia government loses majority

Tallinn · Estonia

Estonia's governing coalition lost its parliamentary majority on August 10, 2026, after two members of parliament left parties belonging to the government. The defections reduced the coal...

August 9, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

08

Russia strikes Odesa port

Odesa · Odesa Oblast · Ukraine

Russian forces carried out missile and drone attacks on Odesa and nearby port infrastructure on August 9, 2026. Ukrainian authorities reported damage to port facilities and other infrastr...

africa agriculture asia attack blacksea blockade

africa agreement airbase assad aviation bases

09

August 9, 2026 Politics

Syria restructures Russian bases

Latakia · Syria

Syria and Russia reached an agreement on August 9, 2026, restructuring Russia's presence at the Hmeimim air base and Tartous naval facility. The memorandum followed approximately 18 month...

District of Columbia · Washington · United States

10

August 7, 2026 Finance

US Senate advances sanctions

The United States Senate passed legislation on August 7, 2026, expanding economic sanctions against Russia and maintaining sanctions involving Iran. The measure passed by a vote of 86 to ...

america banking beijing china conflict congress

ammunition army artillery asia ballistic conflict

11

August 5, 2026 Breaking

North Korea deploys missile unit

Voronezh region · Russia

Ukraine's military intelligence reported on August 5, 2026, that North Korea had deployed a missile unit to Russia's Voronezh region to support Russian military operations against Ukraine...

asylum belgium borders brussels commission defence

12

June 26, 2026 Breaking

EU revises Ukraine protection

Brussels · Belgium

The European Commission proposed changes to the European Union's temporary protection scheme that would exclude Ukrainian men aged 23 to 60 who are not legally permitted to leave Ukraine ...

Washington · United States

13

March 21, 2026 Breaking

Robert Mueller, former FBI director, dies at 79

Robert Mueller, the former director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation who led the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, has died, authoritie...

2016election announcement authorities campaign dc deceased

March 5, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

14

Ukrainian support deployed against Iranian drone attacks

allies assistance conflict cooperation counterdrone defense

Ukrainian support deployed against Iranian drone attacks On March 5, 2026, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky announced that Ukraine would provide assistance to the United States and...

March 4, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

15

Russian Gas Tanker Sinks After Suspected Drone Attack In Mediterranean

Mediterranean Sea · International Waters · International

On March 4, 2026, a Russian liquefied gas tanker sank in the Mediterranean Sea following an explosion that Russian authorities said was caused by a drone attack. Russian officials stat...

2026 attack conflict crew drone energy

February 28, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

16

Ukrainian Conscription Squads Accused Of Forcing Men Into Service

2026 army civilians conflict conscription defense

On February 28, 2026, reports circulated showing Ukrainian military conscription officers detaining men in public areas as part of the country's ongoing mobilization during the war with R...

February 27, 2026 Breaking

17

Modeling scout tells Epstein “sometimes I catch, sometimes no fish”

On February 27, 2026, newly released U.S. Department of Justice documents revealed a 2014 email from European modeling scout Daniel Siad to convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein that sta...

2014 allegation breaking chinese controversy daniel

February 27, 2026 Breaking

18

Dostoevskys controversial views on Jews

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821–1881) wrote several works in which some passages explicitly mention Jewish people. Below are exact original Russian excerpts from his writings where J...

19thcentury antisemitism commentary controversy critique culture

February 24, 2026 Breaking

19

Bill Gates addressed Epstein association at foundation town hall

On February 24, 2026, Bill Gates spoke during a Gates Foundation town hall meeting and acknowledged that he had two extramarital affairs with Russian women while married to Melinda French...

affairs arrest bill billionaire breaking business

February 10, 2026 Breaking

20

Israeli athletes return to Olympics after Gaza conflict amid international scrutiny

Olympic Village · Paris · Île-de-France · France

Israeli athletes return to Olympics after Gaza conflict amid international scrutiny In February 2026, Israeli athletes were welcomed to participate in the Winter Olympics follo...

2026 athletes casualties committee conflict controversy

February 8, 2026 Breaking

21

Ex‑KGB Official Claims Kremlin and Kazakhstan Hold Compromising Trump Video

Moscow · Russia

On February 8, 2026, former KGB officer and ex‑chief of Kazakhstan’s National Security Committee, Alnur Mussayev, publicly claimed that both the Kremlin and Kazakhstan are in possession o...

2026 allegation archives claims controversy diplomacy

February 7, 2026 Breaking

22

Ukraine backs Pope’s Olympic truce call amid war with Russia

2026 ceasefire conflict dialogue diplomacy foreign

Ukraine backs Pope’s Olympic truce call amid war with Russia On February 7, 2026, Ukraine’s government publicly supported a proposal by Pope Leo and Italy to establish a temporary ceasef...

2025 centralbank china currency diversification economy

23

February 6, 2026 Finance

Central banks increase gold reserves at fastest pace in decades

Central banks increase gold reserves at fastest pace in decades On February 22, 2026, the World Gold Council reported that central banks globally added gold to their reserves a...

February 6, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

24

Armenia reports new border incidents with Azerbaijan after talks stall

Yerevan · Yerevan Province · Armenia

Armenia reports new border incidents with Azerbaijan after talks stall In February 2026, Armenian defense officials reported multiple incidents along sections of the Armenia-Az...

armenia azerbaijan border caucasus ceasefire civilians

February 5, 2026 Breaking

25

Kremlin dismisses claims Epstein was a Russian intelligence asset

Kremlin · Moscow · Russia

Kremlin dismisses claims Epstein was a Russian intelligence asset On February 5, 2026, the Kremlin publicly rejected claims by Western media and political figures suggesting th...

2026 denial documents doj epstein evidence

February 5, 2026 Politics

26

Expiration of the New START Nuclear Arms Control Treaty and Diplomacy with Iran

Expiration of the New START Nuclear Arms Control Treaty and Diplomacy with Iran On February 5, 2026, the last remaining nuclear arms control treaty between the United States and Russia, ...

arms diplomacy egypt foreign policy geopolitics iran

February 5, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

27

Interceptions of European Satellites by Russian Spacecraft

Interceptions of European Satellites by Russian Spacecraft On February 5, 2026, European security officials reported that at least a dozen key European satellites had been intercepted b...

conflict espionage eu europe europe-defense geopolitics

Riyadh · Riyadh Province · Saudi Arabia

28

February 4, 2026 Finance

Global Oil Prices Rise After Saudi and Russia Production Cut Extension

Global Oil Prices Rise After Saudi and Russia Production Cut Extension On February 4, 2026, global oil benchmark prices increased following announcements that Saudi Arabia and ...

2026 benchmark brent china commodities cut

February 3, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

29

Missile and Drone Strikes Target Multiple Ukrainian Cities Amid Ongoing Conflict

2026 casualties ceasefire conflict diplomacy drone

Missile and Drone Strikes Target Multiple Ukrainian Cities Amid Ongoing Conflict On February 3, 2026, Russian military forces conducted a series of missile and drone strikes ac...

February 2, 2026 Breaking

30

The Master Timeline

Event Timeline body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: #f4f4f9; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .timeline-container { max-width: 900px; margin: 50px auto; p...

abortion afghanistan africa americas arabpring asia

February 2, 2026 Breaking

31

Epstein Files: FBI Source Alleged Israel, Russia, UAE Influence on US Officials

Epstein Files: FBI Source Alleged Foreign Influence on U.S. Officials Documents released by the U.S. Department of Justice in early 2026 as part of the Jeffrey Epstein case fil...

2026 barak confidentialsource counterintelligence documents doj

January 27, 2026 Breaking

32

Seizure of the Marinera oil tanker and transfer of its captain from Scottish waters

Scottish Waters · Aberdeen · Scotland · United Kingdom

Seizure of the Marinera Oil Tanker and Transfer of Its Captain from Scottish Waters On 7 January 2026, the United States Coast Guard and U.S. military special forces intercepte...

2026 avocatndilkalandadze bella1 captain coastguard crew

January 25, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

33

Ukraine, Russia and US direct engagement talks in UAE

Abu Dhabi · Abu Dhabi Emirate · United Arab Emirates

On January 25, 2026, Ukraine, Russia, and United States negotiators continued trilateral talks in Abu Dhabi aimed at negotiating terms to end the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine. Thou...

2026 abu_dhabi conflict crisis diplomacy drone

January 21, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

34

Russian strikes damage ukrainian energy infrastructure during winter

Russian missile and drone strikes have damaged energy infrastructure across multiple regions of Ukraine, including Kyiv, leading to power, heating, and water disruptions during winter con...

authorities civilians conflict damage drones energy

January 20, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

35

Multiple Fronts Escalate: Ukraine Hit by Massive Strikes as Gaza Evacuations Begin

Russian forces launched a series of large-scale aerial and missile attacks against Ukraine overnight, using updated tactics that targeted critical energy infrastructure and nuclear power ...

battle ceasefire civilians conflict drones energy

January 19, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

36

Russia-ukraine conflict escalates with energy infrastructure hits

Russia Intensifies Strikes on Ukraine Energy Infrastructure On January 19, 2026, Ukrainian officials reported that Russian forces conducted a large drone strike against Ukraine’s energy ...

attack casualties conflict defense drones energy

January 18, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

37

Russian Offensive Campaign Updates (Ukraine War)

On January 16, 2026, analyses of the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war highlighted continued Russian military operations and resistance to alternate battlefield narratives promoted by Russian so...

2026 analysis battlefield campaign conflict diplomacy

October 10, 2025 Wars & Conflicts

38

Gaza Ceasefire Takes Effect After Israel Approves Deal

Gaza Strip · Gaza City · Palestine

Gaza Ceasefire Takes Effect After Israel Approves Deal On October 10, 2025, a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas in the Gaza Strip officially went into effect after the Israeli governmen...

2025 agreement aid ceasefire conflict crossings

World Forum Convention Center · The Hague · South Holland · Netherlands

39

June 24, 2025 Politics

2025 The Hague NATO Summit

2025 NATO Summit in The Hague Focuses on Defence Spending and Strategic Cooperation The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) held its 2025 summit in The Hague, Netherlands, on June ...

2025 alliance cooperation defence diplomacy europe

accountability allegations blacklist conflict detainees detention

40

June 1, 2025 Breaking

Israel put on UN sexual violence in warzones blacklist

Gaza · Palestine

The United Nations Secretary-General’s annual report on conflict-related sexual violence included Israel in its annex listing parties identified as having credible information indicating ...

Le Bourget Airport · Paris · Île-de-France · France

41

August 24, 2024 Breaking

Telegram CEO Pavel Durov Arrested At Le Bourget Airport In France During Criminal Investigation

Pavel Durov Arrested By French Authorities Over Platform Allegations On August 24, 2024, French police arrested **Pavel Durov**, the Russian‑born co‑founder and CEO of the Tele...

abuse airport arrest bail charges child

archives audio debate demographics disclosure ehudbarak

42

January 3, 2024 Politics

Audio recording surfaces of Ehud Barak discussing immigration policy with Jeffrey Epstein

Audio recording surfaces of Ehud Barak discussing immigration policy with Jeffrey Epstein An audio recording reported to feature former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak in conversation ...

Sandton Convention Centre · Johannesburg · Gauteng · South Africa

43

January 1, 2024 Politics

BRICS Bloc Expands as New Members Join Amid Push to Reshape Global Order

BRICS Bloc Expands as New Members Join Amid Push to Reshape Global Order The BRICS group of emerging economies formally expanded on January 1, admitting new member states as pa...

2024 alliances brics currency dollar economy

September 26, 2022 Wars & Conflicts

44

Nord Stream pipeline sabotage confirmed

The Nord Stream pipelines are two major natural gas pipelines, Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2, running under the Baltic Sea from Russia to Germany. The pipelines were designed to transpo...

attack baltic controversy energy environmental europe

February 24, 2022 Wars & Conflicts

45

Russia invades Ukraine nationwide

army artillery belarus borders conflict crimea

Russia launched a large-scale military invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. Russian President Vladimir Putin announced what he called a special military operation shortly before Russ...

20thcentury 21stcentury abolition america author biography

46

June 3, 2012 Breaking

Noel Ignatiev: author, historian, and critic of whiteness

Noel Ignatiev: author, historian, and critic of whiteness Noel Ignatiev: author, historian, and critic of whiteness Noel Ignatiev (/ɪɡˈnætiɛv/; born ...

1960s alternative anton_lavey author church_of_satan counterculture

47

May 13, 1950 Breaking

Anton LaVey: Founder of the Church of Satan and Author

Anton Szandor LaVey was born Howard Stanton Levey on April 11, 1930, in Chicago, Illinois, to Jewish parents. His father, Michael Joseph Levey, was of French-American descent, and his mo...

July 17, 1918 Wars & Conflicts

48

Murder of the Romanovs

Ipatiev House · Yekaterinburg · Sverdlovsk Oblast · Russia

Murder of the Romanovs On July 17, 1918, the last Russian Emperor, Nicholas II, along with his wife Alexandra, their five children, and four loyal attendants, were executed by Bolshevik ...

1918 abdication alexandra attendants bolsheviks children

July 28, 1914 Wars & Conflicts

49

World War I Begins

Sarajevo · Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bosnia and Herzegovina

World War I, also known as the Great War, began when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The conflict quickly escalated, drawin...

allies armistice austria balkan centralpowers conflict

1908 america assimilation civilwar culture debate

50

January 1, 1908 Politics

Israel Zangwill Coined The Term “Melting Pot” To Describe American Society

In 1908, British-born Jewish writer and playwright **Israel Zangwill** published his play **“The Melting Pot”**, which popularized the phrase as a metaphor for American society. The term ...

alexander anarchists bobruisk catholicism civil clergy

51

August 21, 1895 Breaking

Alexander Orlov's crimes in Spain

Bobruisk · Belarus

Alexander Orlov, born Lev Lazarevich Feldbin on 21 August 1895 in Bobruisk, was a Soviet NKVD officer from an Orthodox Jewish family. He later operated under several aliases, including Le...

March 18, 1871 Wars & Conflicts

52

Paris Commune

Place de l’Hôtel de Ville · Paris · Île-de-France · France

The Paris Commune established a radical socialist government in Paris after the Franco-Prussian War, representing worker self-rule and inspiring future socialist movements.

1871 commune conflict empowerment europe france

May 21, 1864 Wars & Conflicts

53

Circassian Genocide

Sochi Region · Sochi · Krasnodar Krai · Russia

Circassian Genocide On May 21, 1864, the Russian Empire declared the end of the Caucasian War following the defeat of Circassian resistance in the northwest Caucasus. The conflict, which...

1864 blacksea caucasianwar caucasus circassian circassians

Trier · Prussia · Germany

54

May 5, 1818 Breaking

Karl marx communism origins

Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, and political theorist born in Trier, Prussia, in 1818. His work contributed to the development of socialist and communist political theory ...

1844 1848 capitalism class communism communist

November 26, 1791 Politics

55

Emancipation of Jews in Russia under Catherine II

St Petersburg · Saint Petersburg · Leningrad Oblast · Russia

Emancipation of Jews in Russia under Catherine II In 1791, Empress Catherine II of Russia issued policies regulating the settlement and legal status of Jewish populations within the Russ...

1791 Catherine civic commerce emancipation empire

Khazar Fortress Site · Itil (historic site) · Astrakhan Region · Russia

56

January 1, 965 Breaking

The Khazarian Empire: History, Territory, and Conversion to Judaism

The Khazarian Empire: History, Territory, and Conversion to Judaism The Khazar Empire was a Turkic polity that emerged in the mid-seventh century and became a major regional po...

blacksea byzantine caliphate caspian caucasus conversion

March 15, 53 Wars & Conflicts

57

Imperial Frontier Fortification Expansion

Amur Region Border Forts · Siberia · Russia

The Russian Empire intensified its fortification efforts along the Amur River frontier, aiming to secure its eastern borders against potential threats. New forts were constructed to estab...

amur river border borders colonialism command posts defense

Published Research Nations & Civilizations

R1

Modern Egypt

2014–2026 — Egypt remains the most populous country in the Arab world and one of the principal political centers of the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. Cairo dominates political an...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R2

Germany Faces a Closing Window for Victory

January–March 1918 — Russia's withdrawal gives Germany a temporary manpower advantage in the west, but American troops are arriving rapidly. Hindenburg and Ludendorff conclude that German...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R3

The Bolsheviks Choose Revolution Over Continued War

November 1917–March 1918 — Lenin argues that the revolutionary government cannot survive while Russia remains in the war. Other Bolsheviks object to Germany's extreme peace terms. Renewed...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R4

Russian Revolution Topples the Tsar

8 March 1917 — Demonstrations, strikes and bread shortages in Petrograd begin the revolutionary crisis that destroys the imperial government. Soldiers increasingly refuse orders to suppre...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R5

Germany Transfers Forces From East to West

Late 1917–March 1918 — The collapse of Russian resistance allows Germany to move divisions from the Eastern Front toward France and Belgium. German commanders understand that the advantag...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R6

Brusilov Offensive Begins

4 June 1916 — Russian General Aleksei Brusilov launches a major offensive against Austria-Hungary. Innovative preparation and attacks across a broad front produce spectacular early breakt...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R7

Gallipoli Campaign Begins

19 February 1915 — British and French naval forces begin major operations against the Ottoman defenses of the Dardanelles. The Allies hope to force the straits, threaten Constantinople an...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R8

War Exhaustion Destabilizes Russia

1915–1917 — Battlefield losses, inflation, food distribution failures and political distrust progressively weaken the Russian state. Confidence in Nicholas II collapses among elites as we...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R9

Germany Executes Its Western War Plan

August–September 1914 — Germany concentrates major forces against France and advances through Belgium. The operational scheme derives from years of German planning associated with Alfred ...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R10

Vienna Plans a Coercive Ultimatum

7–23 July 1914 — Austro-Hungarian leaders debate how to transform the Sarajevo assassination into a confrontation with Serbia. Officials increasingly favor demands severe enough to justif...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R11

Russia Refuses Another Serbian Humiliation

July 1914 — Russian leaders view Serbia as both a political partner and a test of Russian great-power credibility in the Balkans. Previous retreats in regional crises make another diploma...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R12

Who Turned an Assassination Into a World War?

28 June–4 August 1914 — Sarajevo creates the crisis, but successive decisions by Austria-Hungary, Germany, Russia, France and Britain determine how far it spreads. The investigation shoul...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R13

Fear That Time Favors the Enemy

1912–1914 — Officials in Germany and Austria-Hungary increasingly fear that Russia and Serbia will become stronger with time. Railway construction, military reforms, population growth and...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R14

Germany Fears a Two-Front War

1905–1914 — German military planning assumes that simultaneous war against France and Russia creates a dangerous strategic problem. Geography places Germany between both opponents. German...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R15

Europe Is Divided Into Rival Strategic Alignments

1894–1914 — France and Russia are formally allied, while Britain develops strategic understandings with France and Russia. Germany remains closely aligned with Austria-Hungary. Alliances ...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R16

Austria-Hungary Declares War on Serbia

28 July 1914 — Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia exactly one month after the Sarajevo assassination. Artillery soon targets Belgrade. What Vienna hopes to treat as a decisive Balkan ...

Published Research Nations & Civilizations

R17

Battle of Navarino

20 October 1827 — British, French and Russian fleets destroy the Ottoman-Egyptian fleet.

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R18

Battle of Tannenberg

26 August 1914 — German forces under Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff begin the decisive phase of the Battle of Tannenberg against Russia's Second Army in East Prussia. German com...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R19

Bolsheviks Seize Power

7 November 1917 — Bolshevik forces overthrow Russia's Provisional Government in Petrograd. Vladimir Lenin's movement has promised peace, land and political transfer to the soviets. Ending...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R20

Case Blue Begins

28 June 1942 — Germany launches its major summer offensive toward southern Russia and the Caucasus. Hitler seeks the oil resources of the Caucasus and control of the Volga region. German ...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R21

East Prussian Offensive

13 January 1945 — Soviet armies launch major operations into East Prussia. German civilians flee westward amid combat, fear of Soviet forces and collapsing evacuation systems. Fighting is...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R22

Germany Declares War on France

3 August 1914 — Germany declares war on France while German forces move through Luxembourg and prepare to enter Belgium. German planners seek a rapid defeat of France before Russian milit...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R23

Germany Declares War on Russia

1 August 1914 — Germany declares war on Russia after demanding that Russian mobilization stop. German military planning assumes that a war with Russia will also involve France. Berlin the...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R24

Germany Gives Austria-Hungary the 'Blank Cheque'

5 July 1914 — Austro-Hungarian envoy Alexander Hoyos receives powerful assurances in Berlin that Germany will support Vienna if it acts against Serbia, even if Russian intervention widens...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R25

Hitler Issues Führer Directive No. 21

18 December 1940 — Hitler signs the directive ordering preparations for Operation Barbarossa. The document states that the German armed forces must be prepared to crush Soviet Russia in a...

Published Research Kissinger investigation

R26

Kissinger and Schwab discuss global order

In May 2022, Klaus Schwab interviewed Henry Kissinger at the World Economic Forum concerning geopolitical tensions, China, Russia, Ukraine and the future international order. Schwab state...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R27

Millions of Civilians Flee West

13 January 1945 — Soviet advances into East Prussia and Poland trigger enormous civilian flight. German authorities evacuate populations inconsistently and often too late. Refugees face w...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R28

Ottoman Empire Enters the War

29 October 1914 — Ottoman naval forces attack Russian Black Sea ports, bringing the Ottoman Empire into the conflict alongside Germany and Austria-Hungary. Russia declares war shortly aft...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R29

Russia Orders General Mobilization

30 July 1914 — Tsar Nicholas II approves general mobilization of Russian forces after growing alarm over Austria-Hungary's attack on Serbia. Russian leaders fear that partial mobilization...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R30

Soviet Leadership Reframes the Conflict as a Patriotic War

3 July 1941 — Stalin addresses the Soviet population and invokes defense of the motherland as well as socialist ideology. Soviet propaganda increasingly draws upon Russian history, patrio...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R31

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

3 March 1918 — Bolshevik Russia signs a harsh peace treaty with Germany and its allies. Russia gives up claims or control over vast territories and exits the war. German military planners...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R32

Vladimir Lenin

1917–1918 wartime revolutionary leadership — Lenin returns to Russia after the February Revolution and argues for transfer of power to the soviets, withdrawal from the war and socialist r...