persia

September 1, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

02

US renews strikes on Iran

Iran

The United States launched a new series of military strikes against Iran on September 1, 2026, marking a major escalation after several weeks of reduced direct fighting. U.S. Central Comm...

america blockade conflict diplomacy energy escalation

Washington · United States

03

August 22, 2026 Breaking

US and Iran trade threats

The United States and Iran exchanged warnings on August 22, 2026, ahead of a planned announcement of additional U.S. economic sanctions against Iran and countries or companies involved in...

america beijing blockade china conflict diplomacy

aramco asia beijing china commodities crude

04

August 20, 2026 Finance

Aramco redirects China crude

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Aramco sold at least four million barrels of crude oil to Chinese refiners for loading from locations that do not require vessels to pass through the Strait of Hormuz, according to ...

america blockade brent commodities crude currency

05

August 10, 2026 Finance

Hormuz uncertainty lifts oil

Strait of Hormuz · Iran

Global oil prices rose sharply on August 10, 2026, as uncertainty continued over negotiations concerning the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz. Iran maintained that the United States must...

america araqchi asia blockade conflict diplomacy

06

August 9, 2026 Politics

Strait of Hormuz, Iran and Oman

Strait of Hormuz · Iran

Iran said on August 9, 2026, that an agreement with Oman concerning shipping routes through the Strait of Hormuz was approaching completion. Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi said th...

Mumbai · Maharashtra · india

07

August 7, 2026 Finance

India supports rupee amid oil

The Reserve Bank of India was believed to have intervened in the foreign exchange market on August 7, 2026, as the Indian rupee faced renewed pressure from rising global oil prices. Curre...

asia bank crude currency dollar economy

August 5, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

08

Iran warns Gulf states

Tehran · Tehran Province · Iran

Iran warned Gulf states on August 5, 2026, that any new United States attack on Iranian territory could lead to retaliatory strikes against energy facilities and other critical infrastruc...

america araqchi bases conflict diplomacy electricity

africa agriculture aid burkina commodities conflict

09

June 22, 2026 Finance

IMF expands Africa support

Sub-Saharan Africa

The International Monetary Fund said on June 22, 2026, that it was expanding financial support for several African countries affected by economic disruptions linked to conflict in the Mid...

March 21, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

10

U.S. evaluates potential seizure of Iran’s Kharg Island

Bushehr province · Iran

The United States government is reported to be considering actions related to Iran’s Kharg Island in the Persian Gulf, according to officials familiar with discussions on March 21, 2026. ...

bushehr diplomacy energy export foreign government

February 28, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

11

US and Israel strike Iran

The United States and Israel launched coordinated military strikes against Iran on February 28, 2026. The operation targeted Iranian military facilities, missile capabilities, government ...

america bases blockade conflict defense diplomacy

January 31, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

12

Iran Announces Live‑Fire Naval Drills Near U.S. Warships in Strait of Hormuz

Strait of Hormuz · Persian Gulf · International Waters

Iran Announces Live‑Fire Naval Drills Near U.S. Warships in Strait of Hormuz Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) announced a two‑day live‑fire naval exercise in the...

abrahamlincoln centcom collision conflict drills energy

January 15, 2026 Politics

13

Escalation of U.S.–Iran Tensions and Airspace Disruptions

On January 15, 2026, tensions between the United States and Iran escalated following renewed threats from U.S. leadership and regional military repositioning. Iran temporarily closed port...

airspace conflict defense diplomacy escalation foreignpolicy

October 12, 2025 Politics

14

Trump Geographic Statement Gaffe

Washington · District of Columbia · United States

Trump Geographic Statement Gaffe On October 12, 2025, United States President Donald Trump made a statement to reporters aboard Air Force One during a flight from Saudi Arabia to Qatar. ...

2025 airforceone borders diplomacy distance factcheck

Samarkand Market · Samarkand · Samarkand Region · Uzbekistan

15

July 15, 800 Finance

Sogdian Merchants Expand Trade

Sogdian merchants played a crucial role in expanding trade routes across Central Asia during the early medieval period. Centered in the city of Samarkand, they facilitated the exchange of...

byzantine caravans central asia china commerce culture

accession ancient rome carinus carus diocletian east roman empire

16

November 3, 283 Politics

Numerian Ascends Roman Throne

Moesia · Roman Empire

After the death of Emperor Carus during a campaign in Persia, his son Numerian became the new Roman Emperor. The accession was initially peaceful, with Numerian holding power alongside hi...

September 29, 283 Wars & Conflicts

17

Death of Emperor Carus in Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia · Iraq

Emperor Carus, ruler of the Roman Empire, died during a military campaign in Mesopotamia. His death occurred while leading troops against the Sassanian Empire in a conflict over control o...

283 ce ancient history ancient warfare battle carus conflict

March 15, 283 Wars & Conflicts

18

Roman Campaigns Against Parthian Persia

Battle of Ctesiphon · Ctesiphon · Khuzestan · Iran

The Roman Emperor Carus launched a military campaign against the Sasanian Empire, targeting their capital, Ctesiphon. The campaign sought to counter Persian influence in the region and as...

3rd century ancient rome ancient warfare battle carus ctesiphon

June 26, 260 Wars & Conflicts

19

Roman Emperor Valerian Captured

Battle of Edessa · Shiraz · Fars Province · Iran

Roman Emperor Valerian was captured by the Sasanian Persian ruler Shapur I during the Battle of Edessa, a significant conflict between the Roman and Sasanian empires. This event marked th...

3rd century ancient wars battle of edessa despotism emperor capture fars province

June 1, 260 Wars & Conflicts

20

Roman Invasion of Persian Territory

Persian Heartland · Shiraz · Fars Province · Iran

Roman Emperor Valerian launched a military campaign against the Sasanian Empire, aiming to assert Roman dominance over Persian territories. This campaign marks a significant conflict betw...

3rd century ancient warfare battlefield conquest defeat emperor

March 20, 260 Wars & Conflicts

21

Odaenathus Ascends Palmyra Leadership

Palmyra · Homs Governorate · Syria

Odaenathus rose to power in Palmyra amid the crisis of the Roman Empire in the mid-3rd century. Following the capture of the Roman Emperor Valerian by the Persians, Palmyra emerged as a r...

3rd century crisis of the third century eastern frontiers emperor capture emperor valerian homs

Imperial Palace · Rome · Italy · Roman Empire

22

October 25, 253 Politics

Roman Empire Emperorship Transition

Valerian was proclaimed Roman Emperor following the death of his predecessor Aemilianus. His accession marked a significant change in leadership during a period fraught with external thre...

accession aemilianus ancient politics ancient rome barbarian invasions crisis of the third century

Palatine Hill · Rome · Italian Peninsula · Roman Empire

23

May 26, 253 Politics

Gallienus Ascends Roman Throne

Gallienus became Roman Emperor following the assassination of his father, Valerian. His accession marked the beginning of a co-rule, where he shared power with his father before Valerian ...

accession ancient history ancient rome co-emperors crisis of the third century gallienus

May 12, 253 Wars & Conflicts

24

Sasanian Conquest of Antioch

Antioch · Hatay Province · Turkey

The Sasanian king Shapur I captured Antioch following his victorious campaigns against the Roman Empire. The fall of this major city marked a significant moment in Roman-Persian conflicts...

3rd century ancient warfare antioch antiques byzantium campaigns

April 15, 243 Wars & Conflicts

25

Roman-Sasanian Clash at Resaena

Resaena · Ras al-Ayn · Al-Hasakah Governorate · Syria

The Battle of Resaena was fought between Roman forces under Emperor Gordian III and the Sasanian Empire. This conflict marked a significant Roman attempt to regain lost territories in Mes...

ancientwarfare battle clashes conflict empire gordian iii

March 22, 235 Wars & Conflicts

26

Roman Empire Political and Military Collapse

Roman Forum · Rome · Roman Empire

The Crisis of the Third Century marked a period of severe instability within the Roman Empire beginning in 235 AD. This era saw widespread political chaos, military defeats, and economic ...

barracksemperors breakawaystates civilwar crisisofthirdcentury economicdecline empirefragmentation

March 5, 232 Wars & Conflicts

27

Severus Alexander's Eastern Campaign

Ctesiphon · Mesopotamia · Iraq

Emperor Severus Alexander launched a military campaign against the Sasanian Empire to counter their expansion in Mesopotamia. The Roman forces sought to reclaim lost territory and secure ...

ancient warfare battles conflict ctsiphon east frontier eastern provinces

December 30, 224 Wars & Conflicts

28

Fall of Parthian Dominion

Susa · Khuzestan Province · Iran

The fall of the Parthian Empire marked the rise of the Sasanian dynasty in ancient Persia. The decisive defeat of the last Parthian king by Ardashir I ended nearly five centuries of Arsac...

ancient empires ancient persia ancient warfare ardashir i arsacid arsacid dynasty

March 28, 224 Wars & Conflicts

29

Ardashir I Triumphs Over Artabanus IV

Istakhr · Fars Province · Iran

Ardashir I, the founder of the Sasanian Empire, defeated Artabanus IV, the last ruler of the Parthian Empire, at the battle near Hormozdgan. This victory marked the end of the Parthian dy...

ancient ardashir artabanus battle conflict conquest

March 28, 224 Wars & Conflicts

30

Foundation of the Sasanian Empire

Istakhr · Fars · Iran

The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I after he defeated the Parthian king Artabanus IV in battle. This victory marked the end of the Parthian dynasty and the rise of the Sasanian ...

ancient antiquity ardashir artabanus battle dynasty

September 1, 116 Wars & Conflicts

31

Roman Siege and Capture of Seleucia

Seleucia on the Tigris · Seleucia · Mesopotamia · Iraq

The Roman forces led by Emperor Trajan launched a military campaign across Mesopotamia, culminating in the siege and capture of Seleucia. This event marked a significant point in Roman-Pe...

2nd century ce ancient city ancient mesopotamia ancient warfare battle capture

October 1, 332 BC Wars & Conflicts

32

Alexander the Great Travels Through Palestine

Ancient City of Gaza · Gaza City · Gaza Strip · Palestine

Alexander the Great Travels Through Palestine In October 332 B.C., during his campaign against the Persian Empire, Alexander III of Macedon, commonly known as Alexander the Great, passed...

332bc advance alexander army arrian campaign

R1

Alexander the Great Enters Egypt

332 BCE — Alexander enters Egypt during his campaign against the Persian Empire and is welcomed as its new ruler. He participates in Egyptian royal and religious traditions while integrat...

R2

Alexander's Conquests

334–323 BCE — Alexander destroys the Persian Empire and campaigns as far as northwestern India.

R3

Battle of Salamis

480 BCE — Greek naval forces defeat the Persian fleet near Salamis.

R4

Battle of Marathon

490 BCE — Athenian-led forces defeat a Persian invasion army at Marathon.

R5

Persia Conquers Egypt

525 BCE — Cambyses II of the Achaemenid Persian Empire defeats Pharaoh Psamtik III and incorporates Egypt into the Persian imperial system. Persian kings adopt pharaonic titles while gove...

R6

More Than Five Thousand Years of State History

c. 3100 BCE–2026 CE — Egypt has been governed by native pharaohs, Nubian kings, Persians, Macedonians, Romans, Byzantines, Arab caliphates, Fatimids, Ayyubids, Mamluks, Ottomans, Muhammad...