As of early March 2026, the United States’ military operations against Iran have been estimated to cost approximately $891.4 million per day, based on an analysis of the first 100 hours o...
Ukrainian support deployed against Iranian drone attacks On March 5, 2026, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky announced that Ukraine would provide assistance to the United States and...
U.S. and Israeli Military Operations in Iran Report Deaths on All Sides On February 28, 2026, the United States and Israel launched coordinated military operations against targets in Ira...
On February 12, 2026, financial markets were shaken by a combination of a corporate bond rally and renewed technology sector selling. Corporate bonds surged, pushing credit spreads to ...
US raises alarm over Israeli spying activities On February 5, 2026, senior U.S. officials publicly described espionage activities linked to Israel as reaching “alarming, even t...
Isaac Herzog photographed signing artillery shells destined for Gaza On February 5, 2026, images and reports circulated during the visit of Israeli President Isaac Herzog to Au...
Interceptions of European Satellites by Russian Spacecraft On February 5, 2026, European security officials reported that at least a dozen key European satellites had been intercepted b...
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Danish Protests Erupt Over Trump Remarks and Greenland Dispute On January 31, 2026, large protests took place in Copenhagen, Denmark, and other Danish cities in response to rec...
Speaking at the World Economic Forum in Davos, U.S. President Donald Trump stated that the United States would not use military force in relation to Greenland and outlined a framework for...
On July 9, 2025, the United States government announced sanctions against Francesca Albanese, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian ter...
On July 24, 2024, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu addressed a joint session of the United States Congress in Washington, D.C. The speech focused on Israel’s ongoing war on innoc...
One of the clearest documented cases of Israeli intelligence activity that damaged relations with allies involves the use of forged or cloned passports belonging to citizens of friendly c...
Jonathan Pollard, an American Jew and civilian intelligence analyst for the U.S. Navy, pleaded guilty to passing classified military and nuclear documents to Israel in 1985. He claimed he...
Guatemalan Maya Genocide On March 23, 1982, General Efraín Ríos Montt seized power in Guatemala through a military coup during the Guatemalan Civil War. His government intensified counte...
The Vietnam War was a prolonged armed conflict fought primarily between North Vietnam, led by the Communist Party under Ho Chi Minh, and South Vietnam, supported by the United States and ...
During World War II (1939–1945), the Allied forces of the United States and the United Kingdom carried out a widespread strategic bombing campaign against German cities. The campaign targ...
Typhus and Mortality in Nazi Concentration Camps Historical records from the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Nazi documentation, and post-war investigations co...
Publication of *Germany Must Perish!* by Theodore Kaufman On February 28, 1941, American author Theodore N. Kaufman self‑published a book titled *Germany Must Perish!* through ...
The German–Soviet Non-Aggression Pact And Its Secret Protocols On August 23, 1939, the governments of Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression treaty in Moscow. The...
Charlie Chaplin was an English actor, filmmaker, composer, and producer who became one of the most prominent figures of twentieth-century cinema. His career included silent films, sound f...
The Battle of Ikh Bayan was a critical conflict between the Mongol Empire and the allied forces of the Southern Song dynasty and their allies. Fought in mid-July, the battle marked a majo...
January–June 1919 — France prioritizes security and compensation for destruction. Britain wants Germany constrained without permanently destroying European economic stability. Wilson prom...
January–June 1919 — Allied leaders negotiate borders, reparations, military restrictions, mandates and a new international organization. Wilson's language of self-determination raises eno...
8 August 1918 — Allied armies attack near Amiens and begin the sustained offensive sequence known as the Hundred Days. Improved coordination of artillery, infantry, tanks, aircraft and lo...
July–November 1918 — Allied forces increasingly coordinate artillery, infantry, tanks, aircraft, communications and logistics. Strategic coordination also improves under Ferdinand Foch. T...
21 March 1918 — Germany launches Operation Michael, the first of several major offensives designed to win the war in the west before American manpower becomes overwhelming. Specialized as...
1917–1918 — Woodrow Wilson increasingly presents American participation as part of a larger project to restructure international relations. His Fourteen Points call for diplomatic reform,...
1914–1919 — The Royal Navy progressively restricts German access to food, fertilizer, metals, chemicals and overseas trade. Neutral shipping is increasingly subjected to Allied controls. ...
1914–1918 wartime production — DuPont becomes one of the most striking American industrial beneficiaries of wartime demand because explosives and propellants are required on an unpreceden...
1914–1917 Allied purchasing and finance role — J.P. Morgan & Co. becomes a major financial and purchasing intermediary for Britain and France in the United States during American neutrali...
1894–1914 — France and Russia are formally allied, while Britain develops strategic understandings with France and Russia. Germany remains closely aligned with Austria-Hungary. Alliances ...
24 January 1943 — At the Casablanca Conference, Roosevelt publicly declares that the Allies will seek the unconditional surrender of the Axis powers. The policy is intended to demonstrate...
10 July 1943 — Allied armies land on Sicily in Operation Husky after victory in North Africa. The invasion places direct military pressure on Fascist Italy and demonstrates that the Axis ...
11 November 1918 — German representatives sign the armistice at Compiègne. Fighting ends on the Western Front at 11:00 a.m. Germany accepts evacuation requirements and surrender of substa...
14 August 1941 — Roosevelt and Churchill issue a statement of broad principles for the postwar world, including territorial restraint, economic cooperation and forms of self-government. T...
16 December 1944 — Germany launches a surprise offensive through the Ardennes in an attempt to split Allied armies and seize Antwerp. Initial German advances create a deep bulge in Allied...
29 September 1918 — Bulgaria signs the Armistice of Salonica after Allied breakthroughs in the Balkans. The surrender opens routes toward Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire and demons...
6 June 1944 — Allied forces land on the Normandy coast in Operation Overlord. American, British, Canadian and other Allied formations assault five principal beaches while airborne troops ...
1916–1922 as British prime minister — Lloyd George leads Britain during the final two years of the war and the peace conference. His government intensifies national economic mobilization ...
16 August 1924 — The Dawes Plan restructures German reparations payments and facilitates large flows of American capital into Germany. The arrangement helps stabilize the European financi...
26 May 1940 — Britain begins Operation Dynamo to evacuate Allied troops trapped around Dunkirk. Naval vessels, merchant ships and hundreds of smaller civilian craft participate in the eva...
1942–1945 senior Allied command — Eisenhower rises rapidly to become the principal American commander responsible for coalition operations in North Africa, the Mediterranean and ultimatel...
1914–1916 as German Chief of General Staff — Falkenhayn takes command after the failure of Germany's initial western offensive. He increasingly concludes that Germany may not achieve a cl...
March–November 1918 as Allied supreme commander — French General Ferdinand Foch receives increasingly broad authority to coordinate Allied armies during Germany's final offensives. He hel...
13 May 1940 — German forces cross the Meuse near Sedan after concentrated air attacks and rapid engineering operations. Armored formations then move west toward the Channel rather than di...
10 May 1940 — Germany invades the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France. Allied armies move north into Belgium expecting the principal German attack there. Instead, the decisive Ger...
1 February 1917 — Germany begins unrestricted submarine attacks against shipping approaching Allied-controlled waters. German naval leaders believe U-boats can reduce British imports enou...
15 August 1945 — Emperor Hirohito's recorded voice is broadcast to the Japanese population announcing acceptance of Allied surrender terms. The decision follows intense disagreement withi...
23 May 1915 — Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary after joining the Allied side through the secret Treaty of London. Italian leaders expect territorial gains along the Adriatic and Alpi...
8 November 1942 — American and British forces land in French North Africa. The operation brings large American ground forces into combat against the European Axis and creates pressure on ...
29 October 1914 — Ottoman naval forces attack Russian Black Sea ports, bringing the Ottoman Empire into the conflict alongside Germany and Austria-Hungary. Russia declares war shortly aft...
30 October 1918 — The Ottoman Empire signs the Armistice of Mudros. Ottoman military resistance effectively ends and Allied forces gain extensive rights to occupy strategic positions. The...
25 August 1944 — French and Allied forces complete the liberation of Paris after an uprising by resistance groups and the arrival of Free French troops. General Charles de Gaulle enters t...
18 January 1919 — The victorious Allied and Associated Powers gather in Paris to determine the postwar settlement. Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau, David Lloyd George and Vittorio Orla...
Allied declaration calling for Japan's unconditional surrender and warning of devastating consequences if Japan refused.
23 October 1942 — British Commonwealth forces under Bernard Montgomery attack Axis positions in Egypt. The battlefield lies close to the furthest Axis advance toward Alexandria and the Su...
31 July 1917 — British-led forces begin the offensive later associated with Passchendaele. Heavy artillery, persistent rain and destroyed drainage systems turn parts of the battlefield in...
28 June 1919 — Germany and the Allied powers sign the Treaty of Versailles. Germany loses territory, accepts military restrictions and becomes liable for reparations under a settlement wh...
28 June 1919 — Germany and the Allied powers sign the Treaty of Versailles exactly five years after Franz Ferdinand's assassination. Germany accepts territorial losses, military restricti...
1 January 1943 — By 1943 Allied exploitation of German encrypted communications has become an increasingly mature intelligence system. Information derived from Enigma traffic contributes ...
Untitled1 May 1944 — Allied deception operations intensify before the Normandy invasion. False radio traffic, dummy formations, controlled double agents and the fictional First U.S. Army ...
8 May 1945 — Germany's unconditional military surrender takes effect, ending the major European fighting. Much of the continent lies physically devastated and millions of people are displ...
8 February 1942 — Use the expansion of wartime production as the investigative anchor. Companies in Allied and Axis states received enormous military orders, while the Nazi economy additi...
1917–1918 — Investigate Allied economic superiority, the blockade, American intervention, German losses during the Spring Offensive, improvements in Allied tactics, shortages inside Germa...
22 June 1944 — Operation Bagration provides a useful late-war anchor for investigating Germany's defeat. Trace the invasion of the Soviet Union, American entry, the Atlantic supply system...
1914–6 April 1917 — American trade and finance become increasingly connected with the Allied economies, but German submarine warfare repeatedly challenges American maritime policy. The Zi...
2 October 1944 — Investigate German military repression, the Home Army's political goals, Soviet operational limits, Stalin's attitude toward the Polish government-in-exile and Allied ina...