USS Liberty Incident
On June 8, 1967, during the Six-Day War, the United States Navy technical research ship USS Liberty (AGTR-5) was attacked in international waters of the eastern Medite...
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Israel Launches Preemptive Strikes, Beginning the Six-Day War
Event Overview On June 5, 1967, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) launched coordinated air strikes against Egypt, Jordan, and Syria, marking the beginning of the Six-Da...
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Operation Cast Thy Bread: Poisoning of Palestinian Wells
Operation Cast Thy Bread: Poisoning of Palestinian Wells In April 1948, during the Arab–Israeli War following the end of the British Mandate for Palestine, personnel ...
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Yemenite Children Affair: Disappearances and Controversy in Early Israel
The Yemenite Children Affair refers to a long-running controversy in Israel between 1948 and 1954, involving the disappearance of mainly Yemenite Jewish infants and to...
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Nakba (Palestinian Catastrophe)
The Nakba refers to the mass displacement and dispossession of Palestinians that occurred between 1947 and 1949 during the collapse of the British Mandate for Palestin...
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Michael A. Aquino Jr.: Military Officer, Political Scientist, and Religious Founder
Michael A. Aquino Jr. (October 16, 1946 – September 1, 2019) was an American political scientist, military officer, and religious founder. He served as a specialist in...
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Allied Bombing of German Cities in World War II and Its Impact on Civilians and Infrastructure
During World War II (1939–1945), the Allied forces of the United States and the United Kingdom carried out a widespread strategic bombing campaign against German citie...
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Charlie Chaplin and Joan Barry
Joan Barry was an American actress who became involved with Charlie Chaplin during the early 1940s. Their relationship later resulted in a highly publicized paternity ...
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Jewish critic linked to Mussolini rise
Margherita Sarfatti, an Italian Jewish art critic and writer, played a documented role in the early political and cultural development of Benito Mussolini during the r...
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David Ben-Gurion Controversial Statements Record
David Ben-Gurion Controversial Statements Record On October 5, 1937, David Ben-Gurion wrote a letter to his son Amos following the Peel Commission’s proposal to parti...
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David Ben-Gurion 1937 Letter Controversy
David Ben-Gurion 1937 Letter Controversy On October 5, 1937, David Ben-Gurion, then head of the Jewish Agency Executive, wrote a letter to his son Amos during the per...
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Haitian Parsley Massacre Overview
The Haitian Parsley Massacre, also known as the 1937 Parsley Massacre or the Haitian Massacre, was a mass killing carried out by the Dominican Army under the orders of...
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Charlie Chaplin and Paulette Goddard
Charlie Chaplin and actress Paulette Goddard were associated romantically and professionally during the 1930s and early 1940s. Their relationship became particularly w...
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Transgender Activism in Germany and Its Suppression by the Nazis
In early 20th century Germany, Berlin was a center for sexual reform and research. Dr. Magnus Hirschfeld (1868–1935), physician and sexologist, a German Jewish doctor,...
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Judea Declares War on Germany
On March 24, 1933, the British newspaper Daily Express published a front-page headline reading “JUDEA DECLARES WAR ON GERMANY: Jews of All the World Unite.” The articl...
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Financial backers of Hitler in 1933
Financial backers of Hitler in 1933 In early 1933, Adolf Hitler received financial support from multiple sources as he rose to power in Germany. Major contributions c...
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Bolshevik Policies Cause Mass Famine Across Soviet Union Including The Holodomor
Soviet-Era Famines Under Bolshevik Rule Between 1930 and 1933, a series of mass famines occurred across the Soviet Union following Bolshevik policies of for...
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Bonus army removed from Washington
Bonus army removed from Washington In the spring and summer of 1932, approximately 17,000 to 25,000 World War I veterans, along with their families and supporters, as...
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Zwi Migdal: Organized Human Trafficking Ring
Zwi Migdal was a criminal organization formed by Jewish immigrants from Poland in the late 19th century. The group controlled extensive prostitution and human traffick...
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Avni Rustemi assassination Essad Pasha Toptani
On June 13, 1920, Albanian political activist Avni Rustemi shot and killed Essad Pasha Toptani in Paris, France. Essad Pasha was an Albanian Ottoman-era political and ...
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J.P. Morgan, the Titanic, and the Early Federal Reserve Discussions
The Titanic sank on April 15, 1912, during its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York. Among the planned passengers was financier J.P. Morgan, head of the Internat...
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Kosher Meat Boycott of 1902
In early 1900s New York, rising kosher meat prices led Jewish immigrant women to organize a boycott, involving thousands of participants. This protest was a significan...
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Selk'nam Genocide in Patagonia
The Selk'nam genocide refers to the systematic extermination of the Selk'nam people, indigenous inhabitants of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago in Patagonia, during th...
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Early rights group founded in Berlin
The Wissenschaftlich-humanitäres Komitee, widely recognized as the first organization advocating for the rights of homosexual individuals, was established in Berlin in...
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New Constitution
28 November 1998 — Albania adopts a new constitution after the instability of the early post-communist period. It establishes the fundamental institutional framework o...
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Hosni Mubarak
Egyptian president whose nearly three decades in power ended after eighteen days of mass demonstrations.
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Kissinger directs Rockefeller project
Henry Kissinger served as director of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund Special Studies Project during the late 1950s and early 1960s. The project examined major problems ...
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U-Boats Attack Britain's Atlantic Lifeline
1 February 1917–11 November 1918 — German submarines attack merchant shipping in an attempt to reduce British imports below sustainable levels. Early shipping losses a...
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Germany Refines Infiltration Tactics
1917–1918 — German forces develop increasingly sophisticated methods based on short intense bombardments, assault detachments and infiltration around strongpoints. The...
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Brusilov Offensive Begins
4 June 1916 — Russian General Aleksei Brusilov launches a major offensive against Austria-Hungary. Innovative preparation and attacks across a broad front produce spec...
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Arab-Muslim Conquest of Egypt
639–642 CE — Forces commanded by Amr ibn al-As invade Byzantine Egypt during the early Islamic conquests. Byzantine resistance collapses gradually, and Alexandria even...
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Early Dynastic Egypt
c. 3100–2686 BCE — The first dynasties strengthen royal authority and expand administrative control across Egypt. Royal tombs become increasingly elaborate, especially...
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Battle of Stalingrad Begins
23 August 1942 — German forces begin the major assault phase against Stalingrad while the wider German campaign pushes toward oil resources in the Caucasus. Fighting i...
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Christianity Spreads
Early Christian communities form across the Greek-speaking eastern Mediterranean.
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Early Trilateral focus on trade and finance
During its early years, the Trilateral Commission concentrated substantially on international trade, finance, monetary reform, energy and relations among the major ind...
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France and Belgium Occupy the Ruhr
11 January 1923 — French and Belgian troops occupy Germany's Ruhr industrial region after Germany falls behind on reparations deliveries. The German government respond...
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Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf
1906–1917 senior military influence — Conrad serves as chief of the Austro-Hungarian General Staff for most of the years preceding and during the early war. Before 191...
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Hossbach Conference
5 November 1937 — Hitler meets senior military and foreign-policy leaders and discusses Germany's need for territorial expansion. The surviving memorandum records Aust...
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Hossbach Memorandum
5 November 1937 — Adolf Hitler addresses senior military and foreign-policy leaders and discusses Germany's need for territorial expansion. The surviving memorandum re...
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Kissinger leads CFR study group
In 1956, Henry Kissinger became director of a Council on Foreign Relations study group examining nuclear weapons and foreign policy. The work contributed to the develo...
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Lend-Lease Becomes Law
11 March 1941 — Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease Act, allowing the United States to supply countries considered vital to American security. Britain becomes an early majo...
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Linear B Records Early Greek
Palace tablets preserve the earliest known written form of the Greek language.
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Lusitania Is Sunk
7 May 1915 — German submarine U-20 torpedoes RMS Lusitania off the coast of Ireland. Nearly 1,200 people are killed, including more than one hundred Americans. The sin...
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Operation Barbarossa
22 June 1941 — Germany and its allies invade the Soviet Union along an enormous front. Hitler seeks not only military victory but ideological destruction of Soviet com...
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Operation Barbarossa Begins
22 June 1941 — Germany and its allies invade the Soviet Union along a vast front from the Baltic to the Black Sea. Hitler expects the Soviet state to collapse after a ...
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Paul von Hindenburg
12 May 1925 — Former field marshal Paul von Hindenburg becomes president of Germany. Although not a Nazi, he is deeply conservative and increasingly governs through pr...
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Rockefeller Brothers Fund
Philanthropic organization associated with the Rockefeller family. Its Special Studies Project in the late 1950s and early 1960s examined major problems and opportunit...
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Rockefeller Brothers Fund
Philanthropic organization associated with the Rockefeller family. Its Special Studies Project in the late 1950s and early 1960s examined major problems and opportunit...
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