TheTimeMap

Augustus, the first Roman emperor, died in Nola after a reign that transformed the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. His death marked the end of an era and initiated the succession of his stepson Tiberius.His rule brought stability following years of ci...

Trajan became Roman Emperor following the death of Domitian, marking a period of significant military expansion and administrative reform. His accession was recognized by the Senate, solidifying his legitimacy.During his reign, Trajan undertook vast public ...

The last Western Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus, was deposed. This event traditionally marks the end of ancient Rome and the beginning of the Middle Ages. Christian institutions became stabilizing forces across Europe.

The Edict of Milan, issued in 313 CE by Roman emperors Constantine I and Licinius, granted religious tolerance throughout the Roman Empire. It ended the persecution of Christians and allowed people to worship freely, marking a major step toward religious fr...

Emperor Diocletian formally abdicated the throne, marking a rare voluntary withdrawal from power by a Roman emperor. This significant event occurred as part of the Tetrarchy system he had established to stabilize the empire's governance.Diocletian retired t...

In April, the Roman Emperor Diocletian appointed Maximian as Augustus, elevating him to co-emperor status to help manage the vast Roman Empire. This move was part of a broader strategy to stabilize and administer the empire through shared rule.Maximian was ...

Emperor Carinus was killed in battle against the forces loyal to his rival, Diocletian, near the Margus River. The conflict marked the end of Carinus's brief reign and a turning point in the Tetrarchy system's consolidation.His death cleared the path for Di...

Roman Emperor Numerian died under suspicious circumstances while returning from a campaign in the East. His death was discovered by his troops near the region of Corduene.After his death, his praetorian prefect Aper was accused of hiding the emperor's illne...

After the death of Emperor Carus during a campaign in Persia, his son Numerian became the new Roman Emperor. The accession was initially peaceful, with Numerian holding power alongside his brother Carinus in the West.Numerian led the army back from the Pers...

Carinus became Roman Emperor following the death of his father, Emperor Carus, in late March. His accession marked a period of internal instability as the empire faced multiple external threats and internal rivalries.Despite initial support, Carinus struggl...

The Roman Emperor Carus launched a military campaign against the Sasanian Empire, targeting their capital, Ctesiphon. The campaign sought to counter Persian influence in the region and assert Roman dominance.Roman forces successfully captured Ctesiphon in a...

Emperor Probus was assassinated by his own soldiers after numerous military campaigns to secure the Roman Empire's borders. His leadership was challenged internally despite his successes abroad.The mutiny reflected the political instability during the Crisi...

Marcus Aurelius Probus was proclaimed Roman Emperor by his troops in September 276 after the death of Emperor Florianus. His accession marked a period of efforts to restore stability within the empire amidst ongoing internal and external pressures.Probus, a...

Emperor Aurelian, a prominent ruler of the Roman Empire known for his military prowess, was assassinated by his own soldiers in late September. The assassination occurred as the emperor prepared to confront internal revolts and external threats to the empir...

Tacitus was proclaimed Roman Emperor following the death of Emperor Aurelian. His ascension marked a brief but significant moment in the Crisis of the Third Century, reflecting ongoing instability within the empire.His reign was characterized by attempts to...

The Battle of Châlons was fought between the forces of the Roman Emperor Aurelian and the Gallic usurper Tetricus. This conflict was a decisive engagement aimed at restoring Roman authority in Gaul.Tetricus, who ruled the breakaway Gallic Empire, was ultima...

Queen Zenobia of Palmyra was captured following the Roman Emperor Aurelian's siege of her capital. Her defeat marked the end of the Palmyrene Empire's attempt to assert independence from Rome.The capture effectively restored Roman control over the eastern p...

Roman Emperor Aurelian defeated the invading Juthungi tribe near the city of Placentia in northern Italy. This battle was a decisive moment in securing the Roman Empire's northern borders during the Crisis of the Third Century.The Juthungi, a Germanic tribe...

Claudius II Gothicus, Roman Emperor known for military victories against Gothic tribes, died in Sirmium after a period of illness. His death marked a significant moment in the turbulent Crisis of the Third Century for the Roman Empire.Claudius had successfu...

Emperor Gallienus, ruler of the Roman Empire during a time of internal strife and external invasions, was assassinated by his own military officers during a siege. His death marked a critical turning point in the Crisis of the Third Century.The assassinatio...

Claudius II Gothicus became Roman Emperor following the death of his predecessor. His accession marked a shift during a turbulent period of frequent leadership changes in the empire.Known for his military prowess, Claudius II later led significant campaigns...

Roman Emperor Valerian was captured by the Sasanian Persian ruler Shapur I during the Battle of Edessa, a significant conflict between the Roman and Sasanian empires. This event marked the first time a Roman emperor was taken prisoner by a foreign enemy.The...

Roman Emperor Valerian launched a military campaign against the Sasanian Empire, aiming to assert Roman dominance over Persian territories. This campaign marks a significant conflict between the Roman Empire and Persia during a period of intense rivalry.The...

Odaenathus rose to power in Palmyra amid the crisis of the Roman Empire in the mid-3rd century. Following the capture of the Roman Emperor Valerian by the Persians, Palmyra emerged as a regional power under his leadership.He consolidated control over the ea...

Valerian was proclaimed Roman Emperor following the death of his predecessor Aemilianus. His accession marked a significant change in leadership during a period fraught with external threats and internal instability for the empire.Valerian sought to consoli...

Aemilian, a Roman soldier and governor, seized power through a swift military revolt against Emperor Trebonianus Gallus. His accession marked a brief interruption in the Crisis of the Third Century, a period of political instability for Rome.After defeating...

Gallienus became Roman Emperor following the assassination of his father, Valerian. His accession marked the beginning of a co-rule, where he shared power with his father before Valerian was captured during a Persian campaign.His reign occurred during a per...

Following the death of Emperor Maximinus Thrax, the Roman Senate appointed Pupienus and Balbinus as co-emperors to restore order within the Roman Empire. Their joint accession marked a rare instance in Roman history where two individuals shared imperial pow...

The revolt of Gordian I was a significant uprising against the Roman Emperor Maximinus Thrax in 238, known as the Year of the Six Emperors. Senatorial opposition to Maximinus' harsh rule led to Gordian I being proclaimed emperor in Africa Proconsularis.Gord...

Severus Alexander, the last emperor of the Severan dynasty, was assassinated by his own soldiers in March of 235 CE near the city of Mutina along the Danube frontier. His death marked the end of relative stability in the Roman Empire and triggered the Crisi...

Severus Alexander was proclaimed Roman Emperor following the assassination of Elagabalus. The Roman Senate officially endorsed his accession, marking a return to more traditional imperial governance.His rise to power occurred during a period of significant ...

Elagabalus, Roman emperor notorious for his controversial religious and political actions, was assassinated on March 11 after a brief reign. His rule was marked by significant unrest and opposition within the Roman Senate and military.The assassination took...

Elagabalus, also known as Varius Avitus Bassianus, was proclaimed Roman Emperor upon the death of Caracalla’s successor during the Severan dynasty. His accession marked a period of significant religious and political controversy.Elagabalus’s rise was suppor...

Following the assassination of Emperor Caracalla, Macrinus, then the commander of the Praetorian Guard, declared himself emperor. His accession marked the first time a Roman emperor came from the equestrian class rather than the senatorial class.Macrinus in...

Caracalla, Roman Emperor and son of Septimius Severus, was assassinated amid a military campaign in Moesia. While traveling through the province, he was murdered by a soldier in his own guard after a brief dispute.This assassination abruptly ended his reign...

Roman Emperor Caracalla launched multiple military campaigns against the Alemanni tribes during his rule. These campaigns aimed to secure the empire’s northern frontiers amidst growing pressures from Germanic tribes.The conflicts took place primarily in the...

Geta, co-emperor of the Roman Empire alongside his brother Caracalla, was assassinated in Alexandria under political tension and rivalry. The murder occurred shortly after Caracalla consolidated sole power over the empire.Following their father Septimius Se...

Septimius Severus, Roman Emperor, died on February 4th while in the city of Lugdunum, in the Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis. His death marked the end of his two-decade reign, during which he expanded and consolidated the empire's territories.Severus f...

Roman Emperor Septimius Severus led a military campaign against the Parthian Empire, culminating in the siege and sack of Ctesiphon, the Parthian capital. This marked a significant assertion of Roman power in Mesopotamia during the late 2nd century.The capt...

The Battle of Lugdunum was a decisive confrontation between the forces of Septimius Severus and Clodius Albinus during the Roman civil war for control of the empire. The fighting took place near Lugdunum, a major Roman city in Gaul.The battle ended with a v...

The Battle of Issus was fought between the forces of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus and his rival Pescennius Niger. It marked a defining moment during the Year of the Five Emperors as Severus sought to consolidate his claim over the Roman Empire.The ba...

Septimius Severus was proclaimed emperor by his troops following the death of Emperor Pertinax. This marked the beginning of the Severan dynasty and significant changes in Roman imperial rule.Severus consolidated his power through military strength and even...

Pescennius Niger, governor of Syria, declared himself Roman emperor after the death of Emperor Pertinax. His claim to the throne sparked a civil war against Septimius Severus, who also claimed the emperorship.The conflict primarily unfolded in the eastern p...

Pertinax, Roman Emperor for a brief reign, was assassinated by members of the Praetorian Guard. His attempts to reform the empire and enforce discipline antagonized the imperial guards and the Roman elite.The assassination occurred within the palace walls i...

Pertinax was proclaimed Roman Emperor by the Senate following the assassination of Commodus. His accession marked a brief attempt to restore discipline and order in the empire after a period of decline.Despite his efforts at reform, Pertinax's rule was shor...

Commodus, Roman Emperor and son of Marcus Aurelius, was assassinated in his palace in Rome. His death ended the Nerva–Antonine dynasty.The emperor was strangled by his wrestling partner under orders from conspirators within the senate and the Praetorian Gua...

Emperor Commodus, known for his unconventional rule, famously participated in gladiatorial combats in Rome. Unlike previous emperors, he openly fought as a gladiator, staging public spectacles in the Colosseum.His participation was met with mixed reactions,...

Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor and Stoic philosopher, died at the military camp in Vindobona on March 17th. His death marked the end of the Pax Romana, a period of relative peace and stability across the empire.He spent his final days on the northern fronti...

Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius officially declared his son Commodus as co-emperor, sharing imperial authority.This political move marked the first time a biological son was directly elevated to power alongside his father, signaling a shift in Roman imperial ...

Lucius Verus, co-emperor of Rome alongside Marcus Aurelius, died in Rome under circumstances believed to be related to a devastating plague. His death marked a significant point in Roman imperial history, as it left Marcus Aurelius as the sole emperor.The d...

The Marcomannic Wars began as a series of conflicts between the Roman Empire and various Germanic tribes, including the Marcomanni, along the Danube frontier. The wars marked a significant challenge to Roman authority in central Europe.These conflicts arose...

The Parthian War under Roman Emperor Lucius Verus began as tensions escalated between the Roman Empire and the Parthian Empire. This conflict was marked by Roman military campaigns aimed at countering Parthian advances in the eastern provinces.The war invol...

Marcus Aurelius officially became Roman Emperor following the death of Antoninus Pius. His accession marked the continuation of the Nerva-Antonine dynasty through adoptive succession.The transition of power was peaceful, with Marcus Aurelius sharing rule wi...

Antoninus Pius assumed the position of Roman Emperor following the death of Hadrian on August 11. He was appointed by the Senate and accepted by the army without opposition, securing a peaceful transition of power.His reign was marked by internal stability ...

Antoninus Pius became Roman Emperor following the death of Hadrian. His accession marked the continuation of stable leadership in the Roman Empire.His reign was noted for internal peace and consolidation rather than military conquests. Antoninus Pius was ac...

After the suppression of the Bar Kokhba revolt, the Roman Emperor Hadrian refounded Jerusalem as a Roman colony named Aelia Capitolina. The city was rebuilt with Roman-style architecture and pagan temples, including a temple dedicated to Jupiter Capitoliniu...

Antinous, the favored companion of Roman Emperor Hadrian, drowned in the Nile River under uncertain circumstances. His death deeply affected the emperor, who mourned him profoundly.Following Antinous's death, Hadrian founded the city of Antinoupolis in his ...

Emperor Hadrian undertook a significant visit to the province of Britannia during his reign as Roman Emperor. This visit marked an important moment in consolidating Roman control and overseeing the construction of defensive structures along the northern fro...

Trajan, one of Rome's most respected emperors known for his military conquests and extensive public works, died in the summer months during a campaign in Mesopotamia. His death marked the end of an era characterized by territorial expansion and the consolid...

Roman Emperor Trajan launched a military campaign into the Parthian Empire, aiming to expand Roman territory eastward. The campaign marked a major escalation of conflict between Rome and Parthia.Roman forces moved through Mesopotamia, facing resistance from...

After years of fierce conflict, Dacian King Decebalus ultimately surrendered to the Roman Emperor Trajan. This marked the end of the Dacian Wars, resulting in the annexation of Dacia as a Roman province.Decebalus's submission followed the successful Roman s...

The Second Dacian War marks the renewed conflict between the Roman Empire and the Dacian Kingdom, led by King Decebalus. Roman Emperor Trajan launched a major military campaign aiming to subdue the Dacians and secure the rich resources of the region.The war...

The Roman Emperor Trajan launched his first major military campaign against the Dacian Kingdom in early 101 CE. The war was initiated to subdue the powerful Dacian king Decebalus and to secure Roman control over the region north of the Danube River.This con...

Domitian, the Roman Emperor, was assassinated on September 18th within his residence on the Palatine Hill in Rome. The conspiracy involved court officials and members of the Praetorian Guard who grew fearful of his autocratic rule.His death marked the end o...

Titus succeeded his father Vespasian as Roman Emperor following Vespasian's death in Rome. His accession marked the continuation of the Flavian dynasty.Titus's rule initially consolidated imperial authority and was noted for his response to disasters in the...

Galba was declared Roman Emperor following the assassination of Nero, marking the end of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. His accession was largely supported by the Senate and the Praetorian Guard in Rome.His rule began a turbulent period known as the Year of th...

The Year of the Four Emperors was a tumultuous period marking rapid succession of Roman emperors after the fall of Nero. It involved the rise and fall of Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian within a single year.This crisis resulted in civil war and politi...

In the mid-first century, Emperor Nero initiated systematic persecution of Christians in Rome following the Great Fire of 64 AD. Christians were blamed for the disaster and subjected to brutal punishments.This persecution marked one of the earliest large-sc...

Following the death of Emperor Claudius, Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus was declared Roman Emperor. His rise to power was orchestrated largely by his mother, Agrippina the Younger, who secured his adoption by Claudius prior to the emperor's death....

The Roman Emperor Claudius led the invasion of Britain, landing at the port near Richborough in southeastern England. This marked the beginning of the Roman conquest of the island, aiming to extend Roman control and influence.The campaign involved military ...

Caligula, the third Roman emperor, was assassinated by members of the Praetorian Guard on January 24th. His reign was marked by controversy, extravagance, and reported acts of cruelty, which culminated in a conspiracy against him.The assassination took plac...

Caligula, born Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus, became Roman Emperor following the death of Tiberius. His accession marked a significant transition in the Julio-Claudian dynasty.His rise to power was met with both popular enthusiasm among the Roman people an...