Foundation of the Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I after he defeated the Parthian king Artabanus IV in battle. This victory marked the end of the Parthian dynasty and the r...
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The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I after he defeated the Parthian king Artabanus IV in battle. This victory marked the end of the Parthian dynasty and the r...
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The Roman forces led by Emperor Trajan launched a military campaign across Mesopotamia, culminating in the siege and capture of Seleucia. This event marked a significa...
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332 BCE — Alexander enters Egypt during his campaign against the Persian Empire and is welcomed as its new ruler. He participates in Egyptian royal and religious tradi...
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334–323 BCE — Alexander destroys the Persian Empire and campaigns as far as northwestern India.
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480 BCE — Greek naval forces defeat the Persian fleet near Salamis.
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490 BCE — Athenian-led forces defeat a Persian invasion army at Marathon.
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525 BCE — Cambyses II of the Achaemenid Persian Empire defeats Pharaoh Psamtik III and incorporates Egypt into the Persian imperial system. Persian kings adopt pharaon...
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c. 3100 BCE–2026 CE — Egypt has been governed by native pharaohs, Nubian kings, Persians, Macedonians, Romans, Byzantines, Arab caliphates, Fatimids, Ayyubids, Mamluks...
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