Bonus army removed from Washington
Bonus army removed from Washington In the spring and summer of 1932, approximately 17,000 to 25,000 World War I veterans, along with their families and supporters, as...
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Pontic Greek Genocide
Pontic Greek Genocide On May 19, 1919, military operations intensified against Greek communities in the Pontus region along the Black Sea coast of the Ottoman Empire....
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Greek Genocide
Greek Genocide On May 19, 1919, Greek communities in the Pontus region of the Ottoman Empire faced intensified military operations during the final phase of systemati...
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Murder of the Romanovs
Murder of the Romanovs On July 17, 1918, the last Russian Emperor, Nicholas II, along with his wife Alexandra, their five children, and four loyal attendants, were ex...
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Series of Battles on the Isonzo River
The Battles of the Isonzo were a series of twelve military engagements between the Kingdom of Italy and Austria-Hungary during World War I. They took place along the I...
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Armenian Genocide
Armenian Genocide On April 24, 1915, Ottoman authorities arrested hundreds of Armenian intellectuals and community leaders in Constantinople. The arrests marked the b...
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Assyrian Genocide
Assyrian Genocide On January 1, 1915, systematic attacks against Assyrian communities began in the eastern provinces of the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Assyria...
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Major Global Events of 1913
1913 – Foundations of the Modern World body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: #f4f4f9; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .timeline-container { ...
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Herero and Nama Genocide
Herero And Nama Genocide On January 12, 1904, members of the Herero community initiated an armed uprising against German colonial authorities in German South West Afr...
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Alexander Orlov's crimes in Spain
Alexander Orlov, born Lev Lazarevich Feldbin on 21 August 1895 in Bobruisk, was a Soviet NKVD officer from an Orthodox Jewish family. He later operated under several a...
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Charlie Chaplin’s controversial life
Charlie Chaplin was an English actor, filmmaker, composer, and producer who became one of the most prominent figures of twentieth-century cinema. His career included s...
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Circassian Genocide
Circassian Genocide On May 21, 1864, the Russian Empire declared the end of the Caucasian War following the defeat of Circassian resistance in the northwest Caucasus....
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Baruch Levy letter to Karl Marx. Origins, content, and historical status
Baruch Levy letter to Karl Marx
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Emancipation of Jews in Russia under Catherine II
Emancipation of Jews in Russia under Catherine II In 1791, Empress Catherine II of Russia issued policies regulating the settlement and legal status of Jewish populat...
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Barbary Pirates Kidnap Europeans For Slavery In North Africa And Ottoman Territories
European Captives Sold Into Slavery By Barbary Pirates From the 16th to the 19th centuries, Barbary pirates operating from North Africa — including present-da...
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Expulsion of Jews from the Kingdom of Naples
Expulsion of Jews from the Kingdom of Naples In 1540, Jewish communities in the Kingdom of Naples were expelled as the region came under the control of the Spanish cr...
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Expulsion of Jews from Portugal
Expulsion of Jews from Portugal On December 5, 1497, King Manuel I of Portugal issued an edict requiring all Jews to either convert to Christianity or leave the kingd...
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Expulsion of Jews from Spain: 1492 Edict of Expulsion
On March 31, 1492, the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, issued the Alhambra Decree, ordering all Jews in Castile and Arago...
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Expulsion of Jews from Speyer
Expulsion of Jews from Speyer On October 15, 1435, the city council of Speyer, a city within the Holy Roman Empire, issued an expulsion order for all Jewish residents...
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Vlad III The Impaler Known As Dracula Rules Wallachia In 15th Century
Vlad III Dracula, Prince of Wallachia Vlad III, also known as Vlad the Impaler or Dracula, was born in 1431 in Transylvania, part of the Kingdom of Hungary ...
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Expulsion of Jews from France
Expulsion of Jews from France On July 22, 1306, King Philip IV of France, also known as Philip the Fair, issued an edict expelling all Jews from the kingdom. The expu...
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Expulsion of Jews from England
Expulsion of Jews from England On July 18, 1290, King Edward I issued the Edict of Expulsion, ordering all Jews to leave the Kingdom of England. The decree affected J...
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Crusades Launched To Capture And Defend Christian Territories In The Eastern Mediterranean
Origins And Objectives Of The Crusades The Crusades were a series of military campaigns initiated between 1095 and 1291, primarily aimed at capturing or def...
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Great Book Robbery of 1948
Great Book Robbery of 1948 In 1948, during the Arab–Israeli War following the end of the British Mandate for Palestine, thousands of books and manuscripts were stolen...
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Egypt Becomes a Republic
18 June 1953 — The monarchy is formally abolished and Egypt is declared a republic. Muhammad Naguib becomes the first president, but power increasingly shifts toward G...
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Victors Convert Military Victory Into a Political Settlement
January–June 1919 — Allied leaders negotiate borders, reparations, military restrictions, mandates and a new international organization. Wilson's language of self-dete...
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Russian Revolution Topples the Tsar
8 March 1917 — Demonstrations, strikes and bread shortages in Petrograd begin the revolutionary crisis that destroys the imperial government. Soldiers increasingly ref...
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Wilson Reframes the War Around a New International Order
1917–1918 — Woodrow Wilson increasingly presents American participation as part of a larger project to restructure international relations. His Fourteen Points call fo...
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Weapons and Assistance Reach the Sarajevo Conspirators
May–June 1914 — Members of the assassination conspiracy obtain pistols, bombs and assistance through contacts associated with Serbian nationalist and military-intellig...
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DuPont
1914–1918 wartime production — DuPont becomes one of the most striking American industrial beneficiaries of wartime demand because explosives and propellants are requi...
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Who Profited From Industrial War?
1914–1918 — Armaments companies, explosives producers and other industrial suppliers receive enormous wartime orders. Some businesses benefit heavily while others suff...
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International Recognition of Albania
29 July 1913 — The Great Powers recognize an independent Albanian principality. The borders they establish leave substantial Albanian-speaking populations outside the ...
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Albania Declares Independence
28 November 1912 — Delegates meeting at Vlorë proclaim Albania independent from the Ottoman Empire during the First Balkan War. Ismail Qemali leads the provisional gov...
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Why Do Albania's Borders Look Like This?
1912–1913 — Trace the Balkan Wars, competing territorial claims and Great Power diplomacy that created modern Albania while leaving many Albanian-speaking populations ...
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Balkan Nationalism Threatens the Habsburg Order
1908–1914 — Austria-Hungary faces growing nationalist pressures in the Balkans following the Bosnian annexation crisis and Serbia's expansion during the Balkan Wars. S...
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League of Prizren
10 June 1878 — Albanian political and religious leaders gather in Prizren as the Ottoman Empire faces defeat and territorial losses following the Russo-Turkish War. Th...
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Ottoman Empire Conquers Egypt
1517 CE — Ottoman Sultan Selim I defeats the Mamluk Sultanate and incorporates Egypt into the Ottoman Empire. Cairo loses its status as the capital of an independent r...
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What Killed Tutankhamun?
c. 1323 BCE — The young king's mummy has been subjected to extensive medical and genetic analysis. Proposed explanations have included injury, malaria, inherited disor...
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First Intermediate Period
c. 2181–2055 BCE — Egypt is politically divided among competing centers, especially Herakleopolis in the north and Thebes in the south. Provincial rulers exercise grea...
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Assassination at Sarajevo
28 June 1914 — Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife Sophie are assassinated during an official visit to Sarajevo. Gavrilo Princi...
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Commissar Order
6 June 1941 — The German High Command issues the Commissar Order before the invasion. Political commissars captured with Soviet forces are to be separated and killed r...
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Friedrich Paulus
23 August 1942 — Paulus commands the German Sixth Army during the Battle of Stalingrad. After encirclement he obeys Hitler's order to remain in place. Hitler promotes ...
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Generalplan Ost
1 January 1942 — By 1942 SS planning for a postwar German empire in Eastern Europe envisions massive population displacement, German settlement and racial reordering. ...
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Germany Gains Czechoslovakia's Strategic Defenses
10 October 1938 — German occupation of the Sudetenland gives Berlin control of major Czech border fortifications and significant industrial territory. The Munich settl...
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Germany Invades Poland
1 September 1939 — German forces cross the Polish frontier and begin the war in Europe. Hitler expects Britain and France may still avoid a general conflict, but both ...
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Germany Remilitarizes the Rhineland
7 March 1936 — German troops enter the demilitarized Rhineland in violation of the Versailles and Locarno arrangements. Hitler's forces have orders to retreat if confr...
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Hitler Demands Resistance Despite Strategic Collapse
19 March 1945 — Hitler issues the so-called Nero Decree ordering destruction of German infrastructure that might fall into enemy hands. Albert Speer later claims he wo...
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Hitler Issues Führer Directive No. 21
18 December 1940 — Hitler signs the directive ordering preparations for Operation Barbarossa. The document states that the German armed forces must be prepared to crus...
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