Bangladesh Genocide
Bangladesh Genocide On March 25, 1971, the Pakistan Army launched Operation Searchlight in Dhaka and other major cities of East Pakistan, targeting Bengali nationalis...
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Results for “civilian”
143 events
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22 research items
· May 29, 1453 to
September 2, 2026
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My Lai Massacre
On March 16, 1968, U.S. Army soldiers from Charlie Company, 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment, 11th Brigade, Americal Division, carried out a mass killing of Vietn...
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Escalation of Israeli Settler Violence in the Occupied West Bank
Background and Long‑Term Pattern Violence by Israeli settlers against Palestinian civilians in the occupied West Bank has been tracked since at least 2006, with thous...
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Historical Overview of Biafran Mass Killings
The Biafran mass killings occurred during the Nigerian Civil War, which lasted from 1967 to 1970. Following the secession of the southeastern provinces of Nigeria and ...
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Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was a prolonged armed conflict fought primarily between North Vietnam, led by the Communist Party under Ho Chi Minh, and South Vietnam, supported by th...
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The Lavon Affair
What it was The Lavon Affair, also known as Operation Susannah, was a failed Israeli covert operation in Egypt in 1954, carried out by Israeli military i...
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Operation Cast Thy Bread: Poisoning of Palestinian Wells
Operation Cast Thy Bread: Poisoning of Palestinian Wells In April 1948, during the Arab–Israeli War following the end of the British Mandate for Palestine, personnel ...
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Nakba (Palestinian Catastrophe)
The Nakba refers to the mass displacement and dispossession of Palestinians that occurred between 1947 and 1949 during the collapse of the British Mandate for Palestin...
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Bombing of King David Hotel.
On July 22, 1946, the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, which housed the administrative headquarters of the British Mandate authorities in Palestine, was bombed. The a...
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Allied Bombing of German Cities in World War II and Its Impact on Civilians and Infrastructure
During World War II (1939–1945), the Allied forces of the United States and the United Kingdom carried out a widespread strategic bombing campaign against German citie...
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World War II Begins
World War II Begins body { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 1.6; margin: 40px; ...
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German And Soviet Governments Sign Secret Pact To Divide Eastern Europe
The German–Soviet Non-Aggression Pact And Its Secret Protocols On August 23, 1939, the governments of Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression t...
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Nanjing Massacre Historical Overview
The Nanjing Massacre, also known as the Rape of Nanjing, occurred during the Second Sino-Japanese War after Japanese forces captured the city of Nanjing, then the capi...
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Haitian Parsley Massacre Overview
The Haitian Parsley Massacre, also known as the 1937 Parsley Massacre or the Haitian Massacre, was a mass killing carried out by the Dominican Army under the orders of...
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Simele Massacre
Simele Massacre On August 7, 1933, units of the Iraqi Army entered the town of Simele in northern Iraq during a military campaign targeting Assyrian communities. Tens...
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Pontic Greek Genocide
Pontic Greek Genocide On May 19, 1919, military operations intensified against Greek communities in the Pontus region along the Black Sea coast of the Ottoman Empire....
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Greek Genocide
Greek Genocide On May 19, 1919, Greek communities in the Pontus region of the Ottoman Empire faced intensified military operations during the final phase of systemati...
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Armenian Genocide
Armenian Genocide On April 24, 1915, Ottoman authorities arrested hundreds of Armenian intellectuals and community leaders in Constantinople. The arrests marked the b...
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Assyrian Genocide
Assyrian Genocide On January 1, 1915, systematic attacks against Assyrian communities began in the eastern provinces of the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Assyria...
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Herero and Nama Genocide
Herero And Nama Genocide On January 12, 1904, members of the Herero community initiated an armed uprising against German colonial authorities in German South West Afr...
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Circassian Genocide
Circassian Genocide On May 21, 1864, the Russian Empire declared the end of the Caucasian War following the defeat of Circassian resistance in the northwest Caucasus....
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Overview of the Vendée Massacres
The Vendée Massacres occurred during the War in the Vendée, a counter-revolutionary uprising in western France from 1793 to 1796. The conflict was marked by violent cl...
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Ottoman expansion and conquest
The Ottoman Empire expanded from a small Anatolian principality into one of the largest empires in history. Between the fourteenth and early twentieth centuries, Ottom...
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Military Defeat and Domestic Crisis Converge
August–November 1918 — Germany and its allies face military retreat, shortages, exhaustion and growing political instability. Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire and Austria-...
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Civilian Economies Are Mobilized for War
1916–1918 — Governments expand control over labor, food, transportation, prices and industrial production. Women enter many sectors previously dominated by men. Coloni...
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Governments Must Sustain the Home Front
1915–1918 — Casualties, inflation and shortages turn civilian morale into a strategic issue. Governments expand propaganda, censorship, rationing and welfare programs ...
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Weapons and Assistance Reach the Sarajevo Conspirators
May–June 1914 — Members of the assassination conspiracy obtain pistols, bombs and assistance through contacts associated with Serbian nationalist and military-intellig...
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Assassination at Sarajevo
28 June 1914 — Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife Sophie are assassinated during an official visit to Sarajevo. Gavrilo Princi...
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Bombing of Guernica
26 April 1937 — German Condor Legion aircraft and Italian forces attack the Basque town of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War. The raid kills civilians and destroys...
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Democracy Restored
24 July 1974 — Konstantinos Karamanlis returns and civilian democratic government is restored.
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Dunkirk Evacuation Begins
26 May 1940 — Britain begins Operation Dynamo to evacuate Allied troops trapped around Dunkirk. Naval vessels, merchant ships and hundreds of smaller civilian craft pa...
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East Prussian Offensive
13 January 1945 — Soviet armies launch major operations into East Prussia. German civilians flee westward amid combat, fear of Soviet forces and collapsing evacuation ...
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Emperor Hirohito
1926–1989 reign — Hirohito is emperor throughout Japan's expansion in China and the Pacific War. The exact nature of his political responsibility remains the subject o...
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Forced Labor Becomes Central to German Armaments Production
2 February 1942 — Fritz Sauckel's later appointment as General Plenipotentiary for Labour Deployment in March formalizes a rapidly expanding coercive labor system, whi...
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German Food Policy Anticipates Mass Starvation
23 May 1941 — German economic planners develop guidelines that assume food from occupied Soviet territories will be redirected toward Germany and the Wehrmacht. Offici...
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German Military Leadership Seeks an Armistice
29 September 1918 — Germany's Supreme Army Command concludes that the military situation has become unsustainable and urges political leaders to seek an armistice. The...
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Germany's Surrender Takes Effect
8 May 1945 — Germany's unconditional surrender ends the war in Europe. The Soviet Union has suffered enormous military and civilian losses but emerges as one of the wo...
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Henry L. Stimson
31 May 1945 — Secretary of War Henry Stimson chairs the first major meeting of the Interim Committee considering policy surrounding the atomic bomb. Stimson becomes on...
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Japan Invades Manchuria
18 September 1931 — Japanese officers use the Mukden Incident as a pretext for military expansion into Manchuria. Japanese forces rapidly occupy the region and later e...
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Luftwaffe Bombs Stalingrad
23 August 1942 — German aircraft conduct devastating attacks on Stalingrad as ground forces approach. Large areas are destroyed and many civilians are killed. The bomb...
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Millions of Civilians Flee West
13 January 1945 — Soviet advances into East Prussia and Poland trigger enormous civilian flight. German authorities evacuate populations inconsistently and often too l...
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Siege of Leningrad Begins
8 September 1941 — German and Finnish advances isolate Leningrad from most overland supply routes. Hitler chooses not to storm the city immediately and instead expects...
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Siege of Leningrad Is Fully Lifted
27 January 1944 — Soviet offensives drive German forces far enough from Leningrad to end the siege. The city has endured nearly nine hundred days of blockade, bombardm...
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Soviet Partisan Warfare Expands
3 August 1943 — Large-scale partisan operations intensify against German railways, communications and occupation infrastructure. Partisan networks receive increasing s...
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Soviets Adopt Scorched-Earth Measures
3 July 1941 — Stalin publicly calls for denial of useful resources to the advancing enemy. Infrastructure, crops and industrial assets may be evacuated or destroyed wh...
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