territories

March 3, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

02

Qatar, Saudi Arabia arrest Israeli spies ‘planning bombings’.

Doha · Doha Municipality · Qatar

On March 3, 2026, reports circulated online claiming that authorities in the State of Qatar and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia had detained individuals alleged to be operatives linked to Isr...

2026 allegations arrest bombings doha espionage

February 24, 2026 Breaking

03

Incidents and Historical Context of Christians and Christian Sites in Israel and the Palestinian Territories

There have been multiple reported incidents involving Christians and Christian holy places in Israel and the Palestinian territories, including isolated acts of harassment as well as hist...

1948 albassa arrests attacks christians churches

February 3, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

04

Gaza under siege. Destruction of water and civilian infrastructure since 1948

Gaza Strip · Gaza City · Palestine

Infrastructure Under Fire: Gaza’s Water Systems Since 1948 body { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 1.6; margin: 40px; c...

airstrike attacks blockade bombing casualties civilian

February 1, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

05

Israel’s Occupation of Palestine: A Timeline

Jerusalem · Jerusalem District · Israel / Palestine

Israel's Occupation of Palestine: A Timeline body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: #f4f4f9; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .timeline-container { max-widt...

1948 2021 accords balfour bank camp

January 31, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

06

Humanitarian Reports Highlight Critical Conditions of Children in Palestine

Humanitarian Reports Highlight Critical Conditions of Children in Palestine Humanitarian organisations and United Nations agencies have reported that many children in Palestini...

aid care children civil conflict crime

January 30, 2026 Wars & Conflicts

07

Israel accused of using ‘skunk water’ as crowd control in Palestinian territories

West Bank · Hebron · Hebron Governorate · Palestine

Israel accused of using ‘skunk water’ as crowd control in Palestinian territories On January 30, 2026, human rights groups and Palestinian authorities accused Israel of using a...

amnesty chemical civilian collectivepunishment crime crowdcontrol

December 18, 2025 Politics

08

Settlers Cross Into Gaza as Hundreds of Far‑right Israelis Hold Event Vowing

Gaza Border Area · Gaza City · Gaza Strip · Palestine

Settlers Cross Into Gaza as Hundreds of Far‑right Israelis Hold Event Vowing Resettlement On December 18, 2025, a group of Israeli civilians from the far‑right Nachala movement crossed f...

2025 action border civilians cross december

November 28, 2025 Breaking

09

Israel’s actions against ICC officials exposed after years of surveillance and cyber

The Hague · South Holland · Netherlands

Israel’s actions against ICC officials exposed after years of surveillance and cyber operations On November 28, 2025, reports revealed that Israel conducted a sustained campaig...

accountability conflict courts cyber diplomacy hacking

Washington · District of Columbia · United States

10

July 9, 2025 Politics

United States Imposes Sanctions on UN Special Rapporteur Francesca Albanese

On July 9, 2025, the United States government announced sanctions against Francesca Albanese, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian ter...

2025 accountability Albanese controversy criticism debate

November 21, 2024 Breaking

11

International Criminal Court Arrest Warrants for Israeli Leaders

International Criminal Court · The Hague · South Holland · Netherlands

International Criminal Court Arrest Warrants for Israeli Leaders On 21 November 2024, the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued arrest warrants for Israeli Prime Minister B...

2024 arrest benjamin civilians court crimes

January 26, 2024 Wars & Conflicts

12

Palestinian Holocaust

Palestinian Holocaust The term “Palestinian Holocaust” has been used by activists and commentators to describe the cumulative impact of displacement, warfare, and territorial loss experi...

1948 1967 2024 allegations blockade bombing

October 20, 2023 Politics

13

UN rapporteur issues Gaza remarks

New York · United States

Francesca Albanese, United Nations Special Rapporteur on human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, issued remarks on October 20, 2023, in connection with document A...

2023 a78 Albanese assembly civilians conflict

February 28, 1941 Politics

14

Publication of Germany Must Perish! by Theodore Kaufman

New York City · New York · United States

Publication of *Germany Must Perish!* by Theodore Kaufman On February 28, 1941, American author Theodore N. Kaufman self‑published a book titled *Germany Must Perish!* through ...

1941 alliedpolicy antisemitism argylepress book genocide

August 23, 1939 Wars & Conflicts

15

German And Soviet Governments Sign Secret Pact To Divide Eastern Europe

Kremlin · Moscow · Russia

The German–Soviet Non-Aggression Pact And Its Secret Protocols On August 23, 1939, the governments of Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression treaty in Moscow. The...

1939 baltic bessarabia deportations europe finland

January 1, 1915 Wars & Conflicts

16

Assyrian Genocide

Hakkari · Hakkari Province · Turkey

Assyrian Genocide On January 1, 1915, systematic attacks against Assyrian communities began in the eastern provinces of the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Assyrians, a Christian mino...

1915 1916 anatolia assyrian assyrians christian

May 21, 1864 Wars & Conflicts

17

Circassian Genocide

Sochi Region · Sochi · Krasnodar Krai · Russia

Circassian Genocide On May 21, 1864, the Russian Empire declared the end of the Caucasian War following the defeat of Circassian resistance in the northwest Caucasus. The conflict, which...

1864 blacksea caucasianwar caucasus circassian circassians

November 26, 1791 Politics

18

Emancipation of Jews in Russia under Catherine II

St Petersburg · Saint Petersburg · Leningrad Oblast · Russia

Emancipation of Jews in Russia under Catherine II In 1791, Empress Catherine II of Russia issued policies regulating the settlement and legal status of Jewish populations within the Russ...

1791 Catherine civic commerce emancipation empire

January 1, 1600 Wars & Conflicts

19

Barbary Pirates Kidnap Europeans For Slavery In North Africa And Ottoman Territories

European Captives Sold Into Slavery By Barbary Pirates From the 16th to the 19th centuries, Barbary pirates operating from North Africa — including present-day Morocco, Algeria, ...

16th 17th 18th 19th barbary campaigns

Naples · Campania · Italy

20

January 1, 1541 Politics

Expulsion of Jews from the Kingdom of Naples

Expulsion of Jews from the Kingdom of Naples In 1540, Jewish communities in the Kingdom of Naples were expelled as the region came under the control of the Spanish crown and became subje...

1540 16th africa ancona century community

May 29, 1453 Wars & Conflicts

21

Ottoman expansion and conquest

Constantinople · Ottoman Empire (present-day Istanbul, Turkey) · Greece

The Ottoman Empire expanded from a small Anatolian principality into one of the largest empires in history. Between the fourteenth and early twentieth centuries, Ottoman forces conquered ...

administration albania anatolia balkans captives christianity

Targoviste · Dambovita County · Romania

22

January 1, 1431 Breaking

Vlad III The Impaler Known As Dracula Rules Wallachia In 15th Century

Vlad III Dracula, Prince of Wallachia Vlad III, also known as Vlad the Impaler or Dracula, was born in 1431 in Transylvania, part of the Kingdom of Hungary at the time. He beca...

1431 1476 15thcentury cruelty defense dracula

March 8, 1371 Wars & Conflicts

23

Cham Raid on Jiaozhi Settlement

Jiaozhi · Northern Vietnam · Vietnam

In early March 1371, Cham forces launched a significant raid on the Jiaozhi region of northern Vietnam. The attack targeted local settlements and disrupted the regional governance structu...

14th century ancient kingdoms border conflict cham cham-chinese relations champa

12th century alliance authority city court empire

24

May 12, 1162 Politics

Imperial Court Relocates to Milan

Milan · Lombardy · Italy

The imperial court transferred its seat to Milan, marking a significant shift in political power within the region. This relocation allowed closer control over northern Italian territorie...

November 27, 1095 Wars & Conflicts

25

Crusades Launched To Capture And Defend Christian Territories In The Eastern Mediterranean

Origins And Objectives Of The Crusades The Crusades were a series of military campaigns initiated between 1095 and 1291, primarily aimed at capturing or defending territories i...

1095 1291 acre anatolia armies byzantine

Khazar Fortress Site · Itil (historic site) · Astrakhan Region · Russia

26

January 1, 965 Breaking

The Khazarian Empire: History, Territory, and Conversion to Judaism

The Khazarian Empire: History, Territory, and Conversion to Judaism The Khazar Empire was a Turkic polity that emerged in the mid-seventh century and became a major regional po...

blacksea byzantine caliphate caspian caucasus conversion

Gibraltar · United Kingdom Territory

27

April 30, 711 Breaking

Umayyad Forces Cross Into Iberia Beginning Moorish Rule In Parts Of Europe

Moorish Invasion Of The Iberian Peninsula On April 30, 711, Umayyad forces led by the Berber commander Tariq ibn Ziyad crossed the Strait of Gibraltar from North Africa into th...

711 alandalus conquest cordoba europe france

April 18, 557 Wars & Conflicts

28

Southern Dynasty Expansion Efforts

Jiankang City Walls · Jiankang · Jiangsu · China

The Chen dynasty, ruling southern China, sought to stabilize its domain amid persistent threats from northern dynasties. Efforts to fortify its borders and consolidate power marked this p...

6th century asia ancient china asian history border defense chen chinese capitals

Mediolanum · Italy · Roman Empire

29

April 1, 286 Politics

Maximian Elevated to Co-Emperor

In April, the Roman Emperor Diocletian appointed Maximian as Augustus, elevating him to co-emperor status to help manage the vast Roman Empire. This move was part of a broader strategy to...

ancient rome augustus co-emperor diocletian diocletianic reforms eastern empire

June 28, 279 Wars & Conflicts

30

Probus Repels Germanic Invasions

Roman Danube Frontier · Vindobona · Noricum · Roman Empire

Emperor Probus led the Roman legions to repel multiple Germanic invasions along the Danube frontier. These incursions threatened the stability of the northern borders of the Roman Empire ...

barbarians border defense crisis dacians danube emperor

June 26, 260 Wars & Conflicts

31

Emergence of the Gallic Empire

Gaul · France

Postumus, a Roman commander, declared himself emperor of a breakaway realm in the western provinces known as the Gallic Empire. This realm comprised Gaul, Germania, Britannia, and Hispani...

barbarian invasions britannia conflict empire division gallic empire gaul

June 1, 260 Wars & Conflicts

32

Roman Invasion of Persian Territory

Persian Heartland · Shiraz · Fars Province · Iran

Roman Emperor Valerian launched a military campaign against the Sasanian Empire, aiming to assert Roman dominance over Persian territories. This campaign marks a significant conflict betw...

3rd century ancient warfare battlefield conquest defeat emperor

April 15, 243 Wars & Conflicts

33

Roman-Sasanian Clash at Resaena

Resaena · Ras al-Ayn · Al-Hasakah Governorate · Syria

The Battle of Resaena was fought between Roman forces under Emperor Gordian III and the Sasanian Empire. This conflict marked a significant Roman attempt to regain lost territories in Mes...

ancientwarfare battle clashes conflict empire gordian iii

June 24, 217 Wars & Conflicts

34

Decisive Battle for Nisibis Control

Nisibis Fortress · Nisibis · Mesopotamia · Roman Empire

The Battle of Nisibis took place between the Roman forces led by Emperor Macrinus and the Parthian army. It was fought near the strategic city of Nisibis, a key stronghold controlling acc...

221 ad antiquity battle border skirmish conflict eastern frontier

April 21, 217 Wars & Conflicts

35

Decisive Clash at Nisibis

Nisibis Fortress · Nisibis · Mesopotamia · Roman Empire

The Battle of Nisibis was fought near the city of Nisibis, a strategic fortress in Mesopotamia. Roman forces under Emperor Macrinus clashed with the Parthian army, resulting in a critical...

3rd century ancient warfare battle cavalry conflict east frontier

Lugdunum Palace · Lugdunum · Africa Proconsularis · Roman Empire

36

February 4, 211 Politics

Death of Roman Emperor Severus

Septimius Severus, Roman Emperor, died on February 4th while in the city of Lugdunum, in the Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis. His death marked the end of his two-decade reign, during...

africa proconsularis ancient history ancient rome caracalla emperor gallia lugdunensis

March 17, 166 Wars & Conflicts

37

Germanic Uprising Against Rome

Danube Frontier · Noricum · Roman Empire

The Marcomannic Wars began as a series of conflicts between the Roman Empire and various Germanic tribes, including the Marcomanni, along the Danube frontier. The wars marked a significan...

battle campaign central europe conflict danube frontier

February 10, 164 Wars & Conflicts

38

Roman Withdrawal from Antonine Wall

Antonine Wall · Central Scotland · Scotland

The Antonine Wall, built by the Romans to mark the northernmost boundary of their empire in Britain, was abandoned in the mid-2nd century AD.The Romans retreated south to the more secure ...

2nd century abandonment ancient antonine wall boundaries britain

May 1, 117 Wars & Conflicts

39

Hadrian Withdraws From Eastern Territories

Eastern Provinces · Roman Empire

Following the death of Emperor Trajan, Hadrian chose to abandon the eastern conquests achieved during Trajan's campaigns. This strategic withdrawal aimed to consolidate the Roman Empire's...

ancient rome armenia client kingdoms defensive strategy eastern conquests empire borders

March 5, 43 Wars & Conflicts

40

Trung Sisters' Rebellion Suppressed

Red River Delta · Ha Noi · Vietnam

The Trung Sisters led a major rebellion against Chinese rule in the Red River Delta region of Vietnam. Their uprising marked a significant moment of resistance against the Han Dynasty's d...

ancient wars asia asian uprisings chinese rule colonial resistance conflict

R1

International Recognition of Albania

29 July 1913 — The Great Powers recognize an independent Albanian principality. The borders they establish leave substantial Albanian-speaking populations outside the new state, including...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R2

Balkan Nationalism Threatens the Habsburg Order

1908–1914 — Austria-Hungary faces growing nationalist pressures in the Balkans following the Bosnian annexation crisis and Serbia's expansion during the Balkan Wars. Serbian national ambi...

R3

League of Prizren

10 June 1878 — Albanian political and religious leaders gather in Prizren as the Ottoman Empire faces defeat and territorial losses following the Russo-Turkish War. They fear that territo...

R4

Pashalik of Shkodër

1757–1831 — The Bushati family builds a powerful semi-autonomous political center around Shkodër while formally remaining within the Ottoman Empire. At its height, Bushati authority stret...

R5

Centuries Inside the Ottoman Empire

c. 1479–1912 — Most Albanian-inhabited territories remain within the Ottoman Empire for more than four centuries. Albanian elites participate extensively in Ottoman military and administr...

R6

Shkodër Falls to the Ottomans

1479 — After prolonged Ottoman pressure and a major siege, Venice agrees to surrender Shkodër to the Ottoman Empire. Ottoman control across most Albanian territories becomes increasingly ...

R7

Albanian Principalities Rise

c. 1355–1444 — Families including the Thopia, Muzaka, Balsha, Dukagjini and Kastrioti control competing territories. Albania is politically fragmented rather than unified, while Venice an...

R8

Roman Empire Divides

395 CE — After the death of Theodosius I, administration of the Roman Empire is divided between eastern and western courts. The territories of modern Albania remain primarily within the e...

R9

First Illyrian War

229–228 BCE — Rome sends military forces across the Adriatic against Queen Teuta's kingdom. The war marks Rome's first major armed intervention on the eastern Adriatic coast and begins a ...

R10

Frankish and Venetian Greece

Crusader and Venetian powers control important Greek territories, islands and ports.

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R11

German Food Policy Anticipates Mass Starvation

23 May 1941 — German economic planners develop guidelines that assume food from occupied Soviet territories will be redirected toward Germany and the Wehrmacht. Officials understand that ...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R12

Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor

7 December 1941 — Japanese carrier aircraft strike the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. Japan seeks to cripple American naval power long enough to seize territories containin...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R13

Japan Launches the Southern Offensive

8 December 1941 — Almost simultaneously with Pearl Harbor, Japanese forces attack British, American and Dutch positions across East and Southeast Asia. Operations target the Philippines, ...

R14

Most Greek Lands Enter the Ottoman Empire

By the 15th century, most of mainland Greece comes under Ottoman control, though some Venetian territories remain.

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R15

Paris Peace Conference Opens

18 January 1919 — The victorious Allied and Associated Powers gather in Paris to determine the postwar settlement. Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau, David Lloyd George and Vittorio Orla...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R16

Red Army Reaches Lublin

24 July 1944 — Soviet forces capture Lublin in eastern Poland. The Soviet-backed Polish Committee of National Liberation begins establishing political authority in territories occupied by...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R17

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

3 March 1918 — Bolshevik Russia signs a harsh peace treaty with Germany and its allies. Russia gives up claims or control over vast territories and exits the war. German military planners...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R18

United States Freezes Japanese Assets

26 July 1941 — Following Japan's movement into southern French Indochina, the United States freezes Japanese assets. British and Dutch measures follow, and Japanese access to imported oil...

Published Research World Wars: Power, Conflict & Consequence

R19

Zimmermann Telegram Becomes Public

1 March 1917 — American newspapers publish the German proposal known as the Zimmermann Telegram. The message suggests a German-Mexican alliance if the United States enters the war and rai...