Ottoman expansion and conquest
The Ottoman Empire expanded from a small Anatolian principality into one of the largest empires in history. Between the fourteenth and early twentieth centuries, Ottom...
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227 events
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54 research items
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September 2, 2026
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The Khazarian Empire: History, Territory, and Conversion to Judaism
The Khazarian Empire: History, Territory, and Conversion to Judaism The Khazar Empire was a Turkic polity that emerged in the mid-seventh century and became...
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Baekje Kingdom's Cultural Expansion
The Kingdom of Baekje experienced significant cultural and political growth during the mid-6th century. Its leadership established strong diplomatic ties with neighbor...
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Fatal Plot Against Roman Emperor
Domitian, the Roman Emperor, was assassinated on September 18th within his residence on the Palatine Hill in Rome. The conspiracy involved court officials and members ...
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Decisive Battle of Ikh Bayan
The Battle of Ikh Bayan was a critical conflict between the Mongol Empire and the allied forces of the Southern Song dynasty and their allies. Fought in mid-July, the ...
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Ban Chao's Tarim Basin Expedition
Ban Chao, a renowned Chinese general and explorer of the Eastern Han dynasty, led a significant military and diplomatic expedition to the Tarim Basin. His journey was ...
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Ma Yuan's Southern Military Campaigns
Ma Yuan was a prominent Han dynasty general who led campaigns in the southern regions of China to consolidate Han authority over the Nanyue Kingdom. His military exped...
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Crucifixion of Jesus Christ
Jesus of Nazareth was executed by crucifixion under Roman governor Pontius Pilate in Jerusalem, during the period of Roman occupation of Judea. The event is documented...
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Ban Chao's Diplomatic Mission Westward
Ban Chao, a Chinese general and diplomat of the Eastern Han dynasty, is recorded as sending an envoy toward the western regions in an effort to establish contacts with...
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Sejanus Downfall and Execution
Lucius Aelius Sejanus, the powerful prefect of the Praetorian Guard, was arrested and executed after losing favor with Emperor Tiberius. His fall marked a dramatic shi...
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Ge Hong's Contributions to Alchemy
Ge Hong was a Chinese scholar and alchemist during the Eastern Jin dynasty known for his significant writings on alchemy and the quest for immortality. His works combi...
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Modern Egypt
2014–2026 — Egypt remains the most populous country in the Arab world and one of the principal political centers of the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. Cairo do...
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Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty
26 March 1979 — Egypt and Israel sign a formal peace treaty in Washington. Israel agrees to withdraw from Sinai, which is gradually returned to Egyptian control. Egypt...
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October War
6–25 October 1973 — Egyptian and Syrian forces launch a surprise attack against Israeli positions. Egyptian troops successfully cross the Suez Canal and penetrate the ...
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Henry Kissinger
German-born American diplomat, political scientist, national security adviser, and secretary of state. He served as national security adviser beginning in 1969 and as ...
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Wilson Reframes the War Around a New International Order
1917–1918 — Woodrow Wilson increasingly presents American participation as part of a larger project to restructure international relations. His Fourteen Points call fo...
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Berlin Gambles That Britain Can Be Defeated Before America Matters
December 1916–January 1917 — German naval and military leaders conclude that unrestricted submarine warfare may force Britain out of the war. They understand that the ...
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The War Becomes an Industrial Production Contest
1915–1918 — Consumption of artillery shells and other matériel massively exceeds prewar assumptions. Governments intervene increasingly in factories, labor, transport ...
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Vienna Plans a Coercive Ultimatum
7–23 July 1914 — Austro-Hungarian leaders debate how to transform the Sarajevo assassination into a confrontation with Serbia. Officials increasingly favor demands sev...
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Russia Refuses Another Serbian Humiliation
July 1914 — Russian leaders view Serbia as both a political partner and a test of Russian great-power credibility in the Balkans. Previous retreats in regional crises ...
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DuPont
1914–1918 wartime production — DuPont becomes one of the most striking American industrial beneficiaries of wartime demand because explosives and propellants are requi...
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Who Profited From Industrial War?
1914–1918 — Armaments companies, explosives producers and other industrial suppliers receive enormous wartime orders. Some businesses benefit heavily while others suff...
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Why Do Albania's Borders Look Like This?
1912–1913 — Trace the Balkan Wars, competing territorial claims and Great Power diplomacy that created modern Albania while leaving many Albanian-speaking populations ...
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What Did Skanderbeg's Resistance Change?
1443–1479 — Investigate Skanderbeg's military campaigns, the League of Lezhë, European diplomacy and how later generations transformed him into a national symbol.
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Where Is Cleopatra's Tomb?
30 BCE — Ancient writers indicate that Cleopatra and Mark Antony were buried together, but their burial place has never been securely identified. Archaeologists have e...
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Saite Revival
664–525 BCE — Rulers of the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty reunify Egypt from their base at Sais. They encourage trade with the Greek world, employ foreign mercenaries and reviv...
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The New Kingdom
c. 1550–1070 BCE — Egypt becomes one of the great imperial powers of the Late Bronze Age. Pharaohs campaign into Nubia and the Levant while wealth flows into enormous ...
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Atomic Bomb Dropped on Hiroshima
6 August 1945 — An American B-29 drops the uranium bomb Little Boy on Hiroshima. The explosion and fire destroy much of the city and kill tens of thousands of people i...
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Austria-Hungary Delivers Its Ultimatum
23 July 1914 — Austria-Hungary presents Serbia with a severe ultimatum designed to suppress anti-Habsburg activity and permit substantial Austro-Hungarian involvement ...
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Battle of Tannenberg
26 August 1914 — German forces under Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff begin the decisive phase of the Battle of Tannenberg against Russia's Second Army in East...
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Bletchley Park
1939–1945 — Britain's Government Code and Cypher School gathers mathematicians, linguists, engineers, intelligence officers and thousands of support staff at Bletchley...
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Did the Great Depression Bring Hitler to Power?
29 October 1929 — The Depression massively increases unemployment and political instability while Nazi electoral support grows dramatically. But economic misery does n...
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Did Versailles Cause World War II?
28 June 1919 — Versailles created genuine political grievances and became a powerful symbol in German nationalist politics. Yet there were many possible paths after 19...
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Did Versailles Make Another World War More Likely?
28 June 1919 onward — The Treaty of Versailles becomes one of the most controversial diplomatic settlements in modern history. Reparations, territorial changes, milita...
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Economic Depression Radicalizes Politics
24 October 1929 — The beginning of the Wall Street panic provides an anchor for the economic collapse that spreads across industrial economies. Unemployment rises dram...
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