Galerius Elevated to Caesar
Galerius was appointed Caesar by Emperor Diocletian as part of the tetrarchy reform intended to stabilize and govern the Roman Empire more effectively. His promotion m...
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Galerius was appointed Caesar by Emperor Diocletian as part of the tetrarchy reform intended to stabilize and govern the Roman Empire more effectively. His promotion m...
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Constantius Chlorus was appointed Caesar by Emperor Diocletian as part of the Tetrarchy system to stabilize and govern the Roman Empire more effectively. This appointm...
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The Tetrarchy was established by Emperor Diocletian in 293 to address administrative and military challenges in the Roman Empire. This political system divided the emp...
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In April, the Roman Emperor Diocletian appointed Maximian as Augustus, elevating him to co-emperor status to help manage the vast Roman Empire. This move was part of a...
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In April 286, the Roman Emperor Diocletian appointed Maximian as Caesar, marking a significant development in imperial governance. This act was meant to strengthen the...
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Carausius, a Roman naval commander, declared himself emperor in Britain and northern Gaul after seizing power around 286 CE. His revolt challenged the authority of the...
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The Battle of the Margus was a significant confrontation between Emperor Carinus and his rival, Diocletian, near the Margus River in the Roman province of Moesia Super...
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The Battle of the Margus was a significant confrontation during the Roman civil wars, taking place near the city of Margus in the Roman province of Moesia. The conflic...
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Emperor Carinus was killed in battle against the forces loyal to his rival, Diocletian, near the Margus River. The conflict marked the end of Carinus's brief reign and...
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The Battle of the Margus was a significant confrontation between the Roman emperors Carinus and Diocletian. The battle took place near the Margus River, in the region ...
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Roman Emperor Numerian died under suspicious circumstances while returning from a campaign in the East. His death was discovered by his troops near the region of Cordu...
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Diocletian was proclaimed emperor by his troops in Nicomedia following the death of Emperor Carus. His rise marked the end of a period of civil wars and instability in...
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After the death of Emperor Carus during a campaign in Persia, his son Numerian became the new Roman Emperor. The accession was initially peaceful, with Numerian holdin...
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Emperor Carus, ruler of the Roman Empire, died during a military campaign in Mesopotamia. His death occurred while leading troops against the Sassanian Empire in a con...
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Carinus became Roman Emperor following the death of his father, Emperor Carus, in late March. His accession marked a period of internal instability as the empire faced...
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The Roman Emperor Carus launched a military campaign against the Sasanian Empire, targeting their capital, Ctesiphon. The campaign sought to counter Persian influence ...
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Emperor Probus was assassinated by his own soldiers after numerous military campaigns to secure the Roman Empire's borders. His leadership was challenged internally de...
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Carus was proclaimed emperor of the Roman Empire shortly after the death of Emperor Probus. His accession marked a shift in imperial policy as he sought to stabilize t...
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The revolt led by Lucius Antonius Saturninus was an important military uprising against Emperor Probus within the Roman Empire. It began in Moesia Superior, where Satu...
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Emperor Probus led the Roman legions to repel multiple Germanic invasions along the Danube frontier. These incursions threatened the stability of the northern borders ...
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Marcus Aurelius Probus was proclaimed Roman Emperor by his troops in September 276 after the death of Emperor Florianus. His accession marked a period of efforts to re...
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Emperor Aurelian, a prominent ruler of the Roman Empire known for his military prowess, was assassinated by his own soldiers in late September. The assassination occur...
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Tacitus was proclaimed Roman Emperor following the death of Emperor Aurelian. His ascension marked a brief but significant moment in the Crisis of the Third Century, r...
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Emperor Aurelian successfully reunified the Roman Empire after a period of fragmentation and civil war. His military campaigns defeated breakaway states such as the Ga...
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August–November 1918 — Germany and its allies face military retreat, shortages, exhaustion and growing political instability. Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire and Austria-...
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19 February 1915 — British and French naval forces begin major operations against the Ottoman defenses of the Dardanelles. The Allies hope to force the straits, threat...
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28 November 1912 — Delegates meeting at Vlorë proclaim Albania independent from the Ottoman Empire during the First Balkan War. Ismail Qemali leads the provisional gov...
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January–August 1912 — Albanian insurgents launch a major revolt against Ottoman authority. Rebel forces eventually enter Skopje and force the Ottoman government to acc...
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1882 — British forces intervene during the Urabi Revolt and occupy Egypt. The country formally remains connected to the Ottoman Empire for decades, but British officia...
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1881 — Most of Thessaly and part of Epirus are transferred from Ottoman rule to Greece.
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10 June 1878 — Albanian political and religious leaders gather in Prizren as the Ottoman Empire faces defeat and territorial losses following the Russo-Turkish War. Th...
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1805–1848 CE — Muhammad Ali becomes Ottoman governor of Egypt but builds a virtually hereditary state under his family's control. He creates a new army, expands state ...
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1757–1831 — The Bushati family builds a powerful semi-autonomous political center around Shkodër while formally remaining within the Ottoman Empire. At its height, Bus...
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Powerful Ottoman-Albanian ruler who builds an effectively autonomous state centered on Ioannina.
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1517–1798 CE — Egypt remains formally part of the Ottoman Empire for centuries while powerful local military households gain substantial autonomy. Agricultural taxes a...
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1517 CE — Ottoman Sultan Selim I defeats the Mamluk Sultanate and incorporates Egypt into the Ottoman Empire. Cairo loses its status as the capital of an independent r...
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16th–18th centuries — Islam spreads substantially among Albanian populations under Ottoman rule. Conversion varies greatly by region and period. Catholic communities r...
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c. 1479–1912 — Most Albanian-inhabited territories remain within the Ottoman Empire for more than four centuries. Albanian elites participate extensively in Ottoman mi...
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1479 — After prolonged Ottoman pressure and a major siege, Venice agrees to surrender Shkodër to the Ottoman Empire. Ottoman control across most Albanian territories b...
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17 January 1468 — Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg dies at Lezhë after more than two decades as the central figure of Albanian resistance to Ottoman expansion. His leadersh...
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1450 — A major Ottoman army besieges Krujë, Skanderbeg's principal stronghold. The defenders hold the fortress, delivering one of the most famous victories of the Alba...
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2 March 1444 — Albanian nobles gather at Lezhë and form a military alliance under Skanderbeg's leadership. The League coordinates forces against Ottoman expansion whil...
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Albanian noble and military commander who led a prolonged resistance against Ottoman expansion.
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15th–16th centuries — Waves of Albanian-speaking migrants settle in southern Italy and Sicily during the expansion of Ottoman rule. Their descendants, known as the Arb...
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18 September 1385 — Ottoman forces defeat Balša II near the lower Vjosa. The battle demonstrates the growing ability of the Ottoman state to intervene directly in Alba...
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c. 1355–1444 — Families including the Thopia, Muzaka, Balsha, Dukagjini and Kastrioti control competing territories. Albania is politically fragmented rather than unif...
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641 CE — Muslim authorities establish Fustat near the old Roman fortress of Babylon on the Nile. The city becomes the administrative center of Islamic Egypt and develo...
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395–641 CE — Egypt becomes part of the eastern Roman Empire centered on Constantinople, later called Byzantine. Alexandria remains one of Christianity's major intellec...
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