Hama Massacre Overview and Impact
The Hama Massacre occurred in February 1982 when Syrian government forces launched a military assault on the city of Hama to suppress an uprising by the Muslim Brother...
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El Mozote massacre
El Mozote massacre On December 11, 1981, Salvadoran Army units carried out a massacre in the village of El Mozote in Morazán Department, El Salvador. Soldiers of the ...
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Agricola Assumes Britain Governorship
Gnaeus Julius Agricola was appointed governor of Roman Britain, replacing the previous administration. His governorship marked an era of military and administrative co...
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East Timor Genocide
East Timor Genocide On December 7, 1975, Indonesia launched a military invasion of East Timor following its declaration of independence from Portugal. The Indonesian ...
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The Watergate Affair: Timeline, Operatives, And Unresolved Questions
The Watergate Affair: Timeline, Operatives, And Unresolved Questions On June 17, 1972, five men were arrested inside the Democratic National Committee headquarters at...
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Bangladesh Genocide
Bangladesh Genocide On March 25, 1971, the Pakistan Army launched Operation Searchlight in Dhaka and other major cities of East Pakistan, targeting Bengali nationalis...
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Attribution History of Golda Meir Quote on Children and Conflict
Attribution History of Golda Meir Quote on Children and Conflict Golda Meir served as Prime Minister of Israel from 1969 to 1974. A statement widely attribu...
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My Lai Massacre
On March 16, 1968, U.S. Army soldiers from Charlie Company, 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment, 11th Brigade, Americal Division, carried out a mass killing of Vietn...
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Israel Launches Preemptive Strikes, Beginning the Six-Day War
Event Overview On June 5, 1967, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) launched coordinated air strikes against Egypt, Jordan, and Syria, marking the beginning of the Six-Da...
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Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was a prolonged armed conflict fought primarily between North Vietnam, led by the Communist Party under Ho Chi Minh, and South Vietnam, supported by th...
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The Lavon Affair
What it was The Lavon Affair, also known as Operation Susannah, was a failed Israeli covert operation in Egypt in 1954, carried out by Israeli military i...
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Anton LaVey: Founder of the Church of Satan and Author
Anton Szandor LaVey was born Howard Stanton Levey on April 11, 1930, in Chicago, Illinois, to Jewish parents. His father, Michael Joseph Levey, was of French-American...
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Operation Cast Thy Bread: Poisoning of Palestinian Wells
Operation Cast Thy Bread: Poisoning of Palestinian Wells In April 1948, during the Arab–Israeli War following the end of the British Mandate for Palestine, personnel ...
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Nakba (Palestinian Catastrophe)
The Nakba refers to the mass displacement and dispossession of Palestinians that occurred between 1947 and 1949 during the collapse of the British Mandate for Palestin...
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Michael A. Aquino Jr.: Military Officer, Political Scientist, and Religious Founder
Michael A. Aquino Jr. (October 16, 1946 – September 1, 2019) was an American political scientist, military officer, and religious founder. He served as a specialist in...
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Bombing of King David Hotel.
On July 22, 1946, the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, which housed the administrative headquarters of the British Mandate authorities in Palestine, was bombed. The a...
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General George S. Patton: Life, Views, and Controversies
General George S. Patton, a senior U.S. Army officer in World War II, died on December 21, 1945, in Heidelberg, Germany, following injuries sustained in a car accident...
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Allied Bombing of German Cities in World War II and Its Impact on Civilians and Infrastructure
During World War II (1939–1945), the Allied forces of the United States and the United Kingdom carried out a widespread strategic bombing campaign against German citie...
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World War II Begins
World War II Begins body { font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 1.6; margin: 40px; ...
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German And Soviet Governments Sign Secret Pact To Divide Eastern Europe
The German–Soviet Non-Aggression Pact And Its Secret Protocols On August 23, 1939, the governments of Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression t...
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Nanjing Massacre Historical Overview
The Nanjing Massacre, also known as the Rape of Nanjing, occurred during the Second Sino-Japanese War after Japanese forces captured the city of Nanjing, then the capi...
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David Ben-Gurion Controversial Statements Record
David Ben-Gurion Controversial Statements Record On October 5, 1937, David Ben-Gurion wrote a letter to his son Amos following the Peel Commission’s proposal to parti...
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Arab Revolt in Palestine (1936–1939)
The Arab Revolt in Palestine was a nationalist uprising by Palestinian Arabs against British colonial rule and mass Jewish immigration under the British Mandate, which...
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Simele Massacre
Simele Massacre On August 7, 1933, units of the Iraqi Army entered the town of Simele in northern Iraq during a military campaign targeting Assyrian communities. Tens...
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Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
2014–2026 — Former defense minister Abdel Fattah el-Sisi becomes president after playing the central military role in Morsi's removal. His government emphasizes securi...
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Military Removes Morsi
3 July 2013 — Following enormous demonstrations against President Morsi, the Egyptian military removes him from office and suspends the constitution. Supporters descri...
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Egyptian Revolution of 2011
25 January–11 February 2011 — Mass demonstrations erupt against police brutality, corruption, economic frustration and authoritarian government. Cairo's Tahrir Square ...
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What Did the 2011 Revolution Actually Change?
2011–2014 — Mubarak's fall opens competitive elections and unprecedented political participation, but the transition rapidly produces institutional conflict, polarizat...
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The 1997 Pyramid-Scheme Crisis
January–August 1997 — The collapse of enormous fraudulent investment schemes wipes out the savings of hundreds of thousands of Albanians. Armed rebellion spreads, mili...
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Sadat Is Assassinated
6 October 1981 — Islamist militants within the Egyptian military assassinate President Anwar Sadat during a military parade commemorating the 1973 war. The attack foll...
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Albania Breaks With China
1978 — Chinese economic and military assistance ends after years of growing ideological disagreement. Albania loses its final major communist ally and enters an extrao...
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United Arab Republic
1958–1961 — Egypt and Syria unite as the United Arab Republic under Nasser. The union represents the high point of pan-Arab political enthusiasm. Syrian dissatisfactio...
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The Suez Crisis
26 July–7 November 1956 — Nasser nationalizes the Suez Canal Company after Western governments withdraw support for the Aswan High Dam. Britain, France and Israel secr...
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Free Officers Revolution
23 July 1952 — Egyptian military officers overthrow King Farouk's government. The movement is driven by dissatisfaction with corruption, political inequality, British ...
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Did the 1952 Revolution Liberate or Militarize Egypt?
1952–1970 — The Free Officers end the monarchy, reduce British influence, redistribute land and create a powerful developmental state. At the same time, political part...
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Kingdom of Egypt
1922–1953 — Egypt operates as a constitutional monarchy shaped by constant competition among the palace, the Wafd Party and British power. Parliamentary government exi...
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Victors Convert Military Victory Into a Political Settlement
January–June 1919 — Allied leaders negotiate borders, reparations, military restrictions, mandates and a new international organization. Wilson's language of self-dete...
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Military Defeat and Domestic Crisis Converge
August–November 1918 — Germany and its allies face military retreat, shortages, exhaustion and growing political instability. Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire and Austria-...
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Germany Faces a Closing Window for Victory
January–March 1918 — Russia's withdrawal gives Germany a temporary manpower advantage in the west, but American troops are arriving rapidly. Hindenburg and Ludendorff ...
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American Industry and Manpower Mobilize
6 April 1917–11 November 1918 — The United States begins converting its enormous economy and population into military power. Millions of men enter the draft system whi...
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Berlin Gambles That Britain Can Be Defeated Before America Matters
December 1916–January 1917 — German naval and military leaders conclude that unrestricted submarine warfare may force Britain out of the war. They understand that the ...
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Hindenburg–Ludendorff Military Leadership
August 1916–October 1918 — Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff become the dominant figures in Germany's Supreme Army Command. Their influence extends far beyond b...
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Battle of the Somme Begins
1 July 1916 — British and French forces open the Somme offensive after an enormous artillery preparation. The first day becomes the bloodiest single day in British mil...
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Brusilov Offensive Begins
4 June 1916 — Russian General Aleksei Brusilov launches a major offensive against Austria-Hungary. Innovative preparation and attacks across a broad front produce spec...
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Attrition Becomes a Central Strategy
1915–1917 — Commanders increasingly seek to exhaust enemy manpower, artillery and industrial capacity faster than their own side is depleted. Verdun and the Somme beco...
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Railway Mobilization Accelerates the Crisis
28 July–4 August 1914 — European armies activate enormous prearranged railway timetables to mobilize millions of soldiers. Military planners argue that delaying mobili...
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Vienna Plans a Coercive Ultimatum
7–23 July 1914 — Austro-Hungarian leaders debate how to transform the Sarajevo assassination into a confrontation with Serbia. Officials increasingly favor demands sev...
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Weapons and Assistance Reach the Sarajevo Conspirators
May–June 1914 — Members of the assassination conspiracy obtain pistols, bombs and assistance through contacts associated with Serbian nationalist and military-intellig...
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