Establishment of Xin Dynasty
The Xin dynasty was established by Wang Mang, who usurped the throne from the Han dynasty. This marked a significant political shift in ancient China, interrupting the...
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56 research items
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September 2, 2026
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Expanded Suez Canal Opens
6 August 2015 — Egypt inaugurates a major expansion of the Suez Canal involving a new parallel channel along part of the route and widening of existing sections. The g...
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Modern Egypt
2014–2026 — Egypt remains the most populous country in the Arab world and one of the principal political centers of the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. Cairo do...
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Kosovo War Reshapes Albania's Region
1998–1999 — War in neighboring Kosovo becomes a major national and humanitarian issue for Albania. Hundreds of thousands of Kosovo Albanian refugees cross into Albania...
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Egyptian Independence Declared
28 February 1922 — Britain formally ends its protectorate and recognizes Egypt as an independent sovereign state. Important issues remain under British control, includ...
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U-Boats Attack Britain's Atlantic Lifeline
1 February 1917–11 November 1918 — German submarines attack merchant shipping in an attempt to reduce British imports below sustainable levels. Early shipping losses a...
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Civilian Economies Are Mobilized for War
1916–1918 — Governments expand control over labor, food, transportation, prices and industrial production. Women enter many sectors previously dominated by men. Coloni...
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British Room 40
1914–1919 — Room 40 is the British Admiralty's cryptanalytic organization responsible for intercepting and decoding important German communications. Its intelligence c...
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Krupp
1914–1918 wartime production — Krupp is one of Germany's most important heavy industrial and armaments firms. The company supplies artillery, steel products and other ...
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Vickers
1914–1918 wartime production — British engineering and armaments company Vickers becomes an important supplier of guns, ammunition, ships and other military equipment ...
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Suez Canal Opens
17 November 1869 — The Suez Canal officially opens, connecting the Mediterranean and Red Seas without requiring ships to sail around Africa. The canal transforms globa...
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Albanian National Awakening
c. 1830–1912 — The Rilindja Kombëtare develops through writers, educators, political activists and diaspora networks. Albanian-language education and publishing become...
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Napoleon Invades Egypt
1 July 1798 — French forces under Napoleon Bonaparte land in Egypt. The invasion aims to weaken British access to India while expanding French influence in the eastern...
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Egypt Under Ottoman Rule
1517–1798 CE — Egypt remains formally part of the Ottoman Empire for centuries while powerful local military households gain substantial autonomy. Agricultural taxes a...
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Ottoman Empire Conquers Egypt
1517 CE — Ottoman Sultan Selim I defeats the Mamluk Sultanate and incorporates Egypt into the Ottoman Empire. Cairo loses its status as the capital of an independent r...
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Religious Landscape Changes
16th–18th centuries — Islam spreads substantially among Albanian populations under Ottoman rule. Conversion varies greatly by region and period. Catholic communities r...
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Angevin Kingdom of Albania
1272 CE — Charles of Anjou establishes the Regnum Albaniae after securing support among local nobles around Durrës. Angevin power proves uneven, but the kingdom demons...
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Battle of Dyrrhachium
18 October 1081 — Norman forces under Robert Guiscard defeat the Byzantine army of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos outside Dyrrhachium. The battle shows the Adriatic city's...
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Cairo Is Founded
969 CE — Fatimid forces establish al-Qahira, Cairo, as a new royal and military city. The settlement grows beside older Fustat and eventually absorbs it into an enormo...
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Egypt in the Eastern Roman Empire
395–641 CE — Egypt becomes part of the eastern Roman Empire centered on Constantinople, later called Byzantine. Alexandria remains one of Christianity's major intellec...
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Christian Egypt Emerges
1st–4th centuries CE — Christianity spreads widely through Egypt and produces one of the ancient world's most important Christian traditions. Egyptian monasticism prof...
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Christianity Spreads
1st–4th centuries CE — Christianity spreads through the Roman Balkans and eventually becomes institutionally established. Bishoprics emerge in important cities includi...
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Egypt Becomes Roman
30 BCE — Octavian captures Alexandria after the deaths of Antony and Cleopatra. Egypt becomes a Roman province under unusually close imperial supervision because of it...
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Apollonia Founded
c. 588 BCE — Greek settlers establish Apollonia near the lower Vjosa River. The city grows into an important commercial and intellectual center connecting the Adriatic...
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Why Did the Old Kingdom Collapse?
c. 2300–2055 BCE — Investigate weakening royal authority, powerful provincial elites, low Nile floods, climate stress and administrative fragmentation. None of these f...
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