World War II Begins
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20 research items
· September 1, 1939 to
September 1, 1939
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Allies Announce Unconditional Surrender Policy
24 January 1943 — At the Casablanca Conference, Roosevelt publicly declares that the Allies will seek the unconditional surrender of the Axis powers. The policy is int...
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Allies Invade Sicily
10 July 1943 — Allied armies land on Sicily in Operation Husky after victory in North Africa. The invasion places direct military pressure on Fascist Italy and demonst...
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American War Production Accelerates
16 January 1942 — Roosevelt creates the War Production Board to coordinate conversion of the American economy to wartime needs. Automobile plants, steel mills, aircraf...
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Anti-Comintern Pact
25 November 1936 — Germany and Japan sign an agreement publicly directed against the Communist International. Italy joins the following year. The pact reflects growing...
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Axis Occupation
1941–1944 — Germany, Italy and Bulgaria occupy Greece after the Axis invasion.
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Battle of Stalingrad Begins
23 August 1942 — German forces begin the major assault phase against Stalingrad after intensive Luftwaffe bombing. The city's industrial and symbolic importance combin...
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Battle of Stalingrad Begins
23 August 1942 — German forces begin the major assault phase against Stalingrad while the wider German campaign pushes toward oil resources in the Caucasus. Fighting i...
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Case Blue Begins
28 June 1942 — Germany launches its major summer offensive toward southern Russia and the Caucasus. Hitler seeks the oil resources of the Caucasus and control of the V...
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Crimean Offensive Begins
8 April 1944 — Soviet forces attack German and Romanian troops in Crimea. Axis defenses collapse rapidly and Sevastopol falls in May. The Soviet victory removes an imp...
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German Sixth Army Surrenders
2 February 1943 — The last major German formations inside Stalingrad surrender. Approximately one of Germany's most powerful field armies has been destroyed or capture...
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Mussolini Is Removed From Power
25 July 1943 — King Victor Emmanuel III dismisses Benito Mussolini after the Fascist Grand Council turns against him. Marshal Pietro Badoglio forms a new government th...
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Operation Torch
8 November 1942 — American and British forces land in French North Africa. The operation brings large American ground forces into combat against the European Axis and ...
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Operation Uranus
19 November 1942 — Soviet armies attack Romanian and other Axis forces protecting the German flanks at Stalingrad. The offensive rapidly breaks through and Soviet spea...
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Operation Uranus Encircles the German Sixth Army
19 November 1942 — Soviet forces attack Axis armies guarding the flanks of the German position at Stalingrad. The offensive breaks through Romanian sectors and rapidly...
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Pact of Steel
22 May 1939 — Germany and Italy sign a formal political and military alliance. Mussolini's government is not actually prepared for a major European war in 1939, despit...
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Romania Switches Sides
23 August 1944 — King Michael leads a coup that removes Ion Antonescu and ends Romania's alliance with Germany. Romania soon joins the war against the Axis. Germany lo...
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Second Battle of El Alamein Begins
23 October 1942 — British Commonwealth forces under Bernard Montgomery attack Axis positions in Egypt. The battlefield lies close to the furthest Axis advance toward A...
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Tripartite Pact
27 September 1940 — Germany, Italy and Japan sign the Tripartite Pact. The agreement recognizes German and Italian leadership in a European order and Japanese leadersh...
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Who Profited From the War Economy?
8 February 1942 — Use the expansion of wartime production as the investigative anchor. Companies in Allied and Axis states received enormous military orders, while the...
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Who Was Responsible for the Stalingrad Disaster?
2 February 1943 — Investigate Hitler's refusal to withdraw, Paulus's obedience, overextended German logistics, the weakness of Axis flanks, Soviet planning, intelligen...
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