Spanish Civil War Begins
The Spanish Civil War began between Republicans and Nationalists, reflecting ideological battles over fascism, socialism, and democracy, with international implications.
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514 events
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150 research items
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September 2, 2026
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Arab Revolt in Palestine (1936–1939)
The Arab Revolt in Palestine was a nationalist uprising by Palestinian Arabs against British colonial rule and mass Jewish immigration under the British Mandate, which...
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Simele Massacre
Simele Massacre On August 7, 1933, units of the Iraqi Army entered the town of Simele in northern Iraq during a military campaign targeting Assyrian communities. Tens...
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Transgender Activism in Germany and Its Suppression by the Nazis
In early 20th century Germany, Berlin was a center for sexual reform and research. Dr. Magnus Hirschfeld (1868–1935), physician and sexologist, a German Jewish doctor,...
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Financial backers of Hitler in 1933
Financial backers of Hitler in 1933 In early 1933, Adolf Hitler received financial support from multiple sources as he rose to power in Germany. Major contributions c...
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Bolshevik Policies Cause Mass Famine Across Soviet Union Including The Holodomor
Soviet-Era Famines Under Bolshevik Rule Between 1930 and 1933, a series of mass famines occurred across the Soviet Union following Bolshevik policies of for...
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Bonus army removed from Washington
Bonus army removed from Washington In the spring and summer of 1932, approximately 17,000 to 25,000 World War I veterans, along with their families and supporters, as...
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Before Hitler: How Big Banks and Financiers Profited from High Interest Rates
Before Hitler rose to power, major banks and financiers profited from high interest rates in Germany. During the Weimar Republic, government bonds often carried 6-10% ...
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Avni Rustemi assassinates Essad Pasha Toptani in Paris
On June 17, 1920, Albanian nationalist Avni Rustemi traveled to Paris and assassinated Essad Pasha Toptani, a former Albanian politician and military leader. Essad Pas...
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Avni Rustemi assassination Essad Pasha Toptani
On June 13, 1920, Albanian political activist Avni Rustemi shot and killed Essad Pasha Toptani in Paris, France. Essad Pasha was an Albanian Ottoman-era political and ...
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Pontic Greek Genocide
Pontic Greek Genocide On May 19, 1919, military operations intensified against Greek communities in the Pontus region along the Black Sea coast of the Ottoman Empire....
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Greek Genocide
Greek Genocide On May 19, 1919, Greek communities in the Pontus region of the Ottoman Empire faced intensified military operations during the final phase of systemati...
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Murder of the Romanovs
Murder of the Romanovs On July 17, 1918, the last Russian Emperor, Nicholas II, along with his wife Alexandra, their five children, and four loyal attendants, were ex...
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Charlie Chaplin and Mildred Harris
Charlie Chaplin married actress Mildred Harris on October 23, 1918, in Los Angeles. Chaplin was 29 years old and Harris was 16. Harris was already working as a film ac...
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Balfour Declaration
The Balfour Declaration was a public statement issued on November 2 1917 by the British government during World War I expressing support for the establishment of a nat...
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Series of Battles on the Isonzo River
The Battles of the Isonzo were a series of twelve military engagements between the Kingdom of Italy and Austria-Hungary during World War I. They took place along the I...
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Armenian Genocide
Armenian Genocide On April 24, 1915, Ottoman authorities arrested hundreds of Armenian intellectuals and community leaders in Constantinople. The arrests marked the b...
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Assyrian Genocide
Assyrian Genocide On January 1, 1915, systematic attacks against Assyrian communities began in the eastern provinces of the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Assyria...
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Major Global Events of 1913
1913 – Foundations of the Modern World body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: #f4f4f9; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .timeline-container { ...
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Creation of the Federal Reserve System
The creation of the Federal Reserve System on December 23, 1913, established the central banking authority of the United States. It was enacted through the Federal Res...
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Herero and Nama Genocide
Herero And Nama Genocide On January 12, 1904, members of the Herero community initiated an armed uprising against German colonial authorities in German South West Afr...
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Kosher Meat Boycott of 1902
In early 1900s New York, rising kosher meat prices led Jewish immigrant women to organize a boycott, involving thousands of participants. This protest was a significan...
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Early rights group founded in Berlin
The Wissenschaftlich-humanitäres Komitee, widely recognized as the first organization advocating for the rights of homosexual individuals, was established in Berlin in...
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Alexander Orlov's crimes in Spain
Alexander Orlov, born Lev Lazarevich Feldbin on 21 August 1895 in Bobruisk, was a Soviet NKVD officer from an Orthodox Jewish family. He later operated under several a...
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Egyptian Revolution of 2011
25 January–11 February 2011 — Mass demonstrations erupt against police brutality, corruption, economic frustration and authoritarian government. Cairo's Tahrir Square ...
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Political Pluralism Is Allowed
11 December 1990 — Albania's communist leadership accepts the legalization of independent political parties. The decision effectively ends the political monopoly creat...
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Enver Hoxha Dies
11 April 1985 — Hoxha dies after more than four decades at the center of Albanian communist power. Ramiz Alia succeeds him and gradually introduces limited reforms as ...
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Anwar Sadat
1970–1981 — Anwar Sadat succeeds Nasser and gradually redirects Egyptian foreign and economic policy. He reduces Soviet influence, encourages economic liberalization a...
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Albania Breaks With the Soviet Union
1960–1961 — Hoxha rejects Nikita Khrushchev's de-Stalinization and growing Soviet pressure. Relations collapse and Albania turns toward Maoist China for economic and i...
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United Arab Republic
1958–1961 — Egypt and Syria unite as the United Arab Republic under Nasser. The union represents the high point of pan-Arab political enthusiasm. Syrian dissatisfactio...
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The Suez Crisis
26 July–7 November 1956 — Nasser nationalizes the Suez Canal Company after Western governments withdraw support for the Aswan High Dam. Britain, France and Israel secr...
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Kissinger directs Rockefeller project
Henry Kissinger served as director of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund Special Studies Project during the late 1950s and early 1960s. The project examined major problems ...
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Gamal Abdel Nasser
1954–1970 — Nasser becomes the dominant leader of revolutionary Egypt and formally assumes the presidency in 1956. His government promotes Arab nationalism, land refor...
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Free Officers Revolution
23 July 1952 — Egyptian military officers overthrow King Farouk's government. The movement is driven by dissatisfaction with corruption, political inequality, British ...
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Albania Breaks With Yugoslavia
1948 — The Tito-Stalin split transforms Albania's foreign alignment. Hoxha uses the crisis to eliminate Yugoslav influence and bind Albania much more closely to Stalin...
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Resistance and Civil Conflict
1942–1944 — Communist-led partisans, Balli Kombëtar and other nationalist forces resist Italian and later German occupation. Rival resistance movements also fight one ...
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Fascist Italy Invades Albania
7 April 1939 — Italian forces invade Albania after King Zog rejects Mussolini's demands for greater Italian control. Zog flees the country and Albania is incorporated ...
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Greek-Turkish Population Exchange
1923 — The Treaty of Lausanne formalizes a compulsory population exchange largely based on religion.
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Kingdom of Egypt
1922–1953 — Egypt operates as a constitutional monarchy shaped by constant competition among the palace, the Wafd Party and British power. Parliamentary government exi...
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Vlora War
June–September 1920 — Albanian fighters challenge Italian forces occupying the Vlorë region. The conflict contributes to an agreement under which Italy withdraws from ...
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Egyptian Revolution of 1919
March–April 1919 — Mass demonstrations, strikes and civil unrest erupt after British authorities exile nationalist leader Saad Zaghloul and other members of the Wafd m...
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Security, Reparations, Self-Determination and Empire Collide
January–June 1919 — France prioritizes security and compensation for destruction. Britain wants Germany constrained without permanently destroying European economic st...
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German Spring Offensive Begins
21 March 1918 — Germany launches Operation Michael, the first of several major offensives designed to win the war in the west before American manpower becomes overwhel...
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Weapons and Assistance Reach the Sarajevo Conspirators
May–June 1914 — Members of the assassination conspiracy obtain pistols, bombs and assistance through contacts associated with Serbian nationalist and military-intellig...
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Albania Fragmented During World War I
1914–1918 — Austro-Hungarian, Italian, French, Serbian and other forces occupy different parts of Albania. The country largely loses unified central government during ...
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J.P. Morgan & Co.
1914–1917 Allied purchasing and finance role — J.P. Morgan & Co. becomes a major financial and purchasing intermediary for Britain and France in the United States duri...
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International Recognition of Albania
29 July 1913 — The Great Powers recognize an independent Albanian principality. The borders they establish leave substantial Albanian-speaking populations outside the ...
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Albania Declares Independence
28 November 1912 — Delegates meeting at Vlorë proclaim Albania independent from the Ottoman Empire during the First Balkan War. Ismail Qemali leads the provisional gov...
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